【正文】 re it obtained most applications. In fact the monolithic integrated circuit is in the world quantity most puters. The modern humanity lives nearly in each electron which and the engineering products uses can integrate has the monolithic integrated circuit. On the handset, the telephone, the calculator, the domestic electric appliances, the electronic toy, the palm puter fittings and so on puter as well as mouse have 12 monolithic integrated circuits. But in the personal puting will also have a substantial number of monolithic integrated circuit in the work. On automobile mon equipment more than 40 monolithic integrated circuits, on the plex industrial control system even possibly has several hundred monolithic integrated circuits also to work! Monolithic integrated circuit39。s development then separates from each other. The early monolithic integrated circuit is 8 or 4. And what is most successful is INTEL 8031, because of simple reliable, but the performance has obtained the very big high praise well. Hereafter developed the MCS51 series monolithic integrated circuit system on 8031. Until now also widely is using based on this system39。s CD4000 series these pure hardware do decides, the electric circuit certainly are a big PCB board! But if, if succeeded in the 70s with the US puts in the market the series monolithic integrated circuit, the result will have the huge difference! Because only the monolithic integrated circuit piles through you the procedure may realize the high intelligence, high efficiency, as well as redundant reliability! Because the monolithic integrated circuit to the cost is sensitive, therefore present occupies the dominant status the software is the most preliminary assembly language, it was except the binary machine code above the most preliminary language, since why were such preliminary must use? Why highlevel did the language already achieve the visualization programming level not to use? The reason is very simple, is the monolithic integrated circuit does not have home puter such CPU, also has not looked like the hard disk such mass memory equipment. Inside even if a visualization higher order language pilation script only then a button, also will achieve several dozens K the sizes! Does not speak anything regarding the home use PC hard disk, but says regarding the monolithic integrated circuit cannot accept. The monolithic integrated circuit in the hardware source aspect39。s control, puter39。s application The monolithic integrated circuit has the volume to be small, the power loss is low, the control function is strong, the expansion is flexible, merits and so on microminiaturization and easy to operate, widely apply in the instruments and meters, the union different type39。s modular application Certain specialpurpose monolithic integrated circuit design uses in realizing the specific function, thus carries on the modular application in each kind of electric circuit, but does not request to use the personnel to understand its internal structure. If music integration monolithic integrated circuit, looked that resembles the simple function, micro shrinks in the pure electronic chip (is different with magic tape unit39。最早的設(shè)計(jì)理念是通過將大量外圍設(shè)備和 CPU 集成在一個(gè)芯片中，使計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)更小，更容易集成進(jìn)復(fù)雜的而對(duì)體積要求嚴(yán)格的控制設(shè)備當(dāng)中。隨著 INTEL i960 系列特別是后來的 ARM系列的廣泛應(yīng)用， 32位單片機(jī)迅速取代 16位單片機(jī)的高端地位，并且進(jìn)入主流市場(chǎng)。手機(jī)、電話、 計(jì)算器 、家用電器、電子玩具 、 掌上電腦 以及鼠標(biāo)等電腦配件中都配有 12 部單片機(jī)。 單片機(jī)內(nèi)部也用和電腦功能類似的模塊，比如 CPU，內(nèi)存，并行總線，還有和硬盤作用相同的 存儲(chǔ)器 件，不同的是它的這些部件性能都相對(duì)我們的家用電腦弱很多，不過 價(jià)錢也是低的，一般不超過 10 元即可 ......用它來做一些控制電器一類不是很復(fù)雜的工作足矣了。一樣的道理，如果把巨型計(jì)算機(jī)上的操作系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用軟件拿到家用 PC 上來運(yùn)行，家用 PC 的也是承受不了的。它在整個(gè)裝置中，起著有如人類頭腦的作用，它出了毛病，整個(gè)裝置就癱瘓了。因此，單片機(jī)的學(xué)習(xí)、開發(fā)與應(yīng)用將造就一批計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用與智能化控制的科學(xué)家、工程師。 單片機(jī)在醫(yī)用設(shè)備領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用 單片機(jī)在醫(yī)用設(shè)備中的用途亦相當(dāng)廣泛，例如醫(yī)用呼吸機(jī)，各種分析儀，監(jiān)護(hù)儀，超聲診斷設(shè)備及病床呼叫系