【正文】 e hexagon socket head screws 內(nèi)六角沉頭螺釘。） 1． Although a cam and follower may be designed for motion, path, or function generation, the majority of applications utilize the cam and follower for function generation. 雖然可以把凸輪和它的從動件設(shè)計為用于運動變換，路徑變換或者函數(shù)變換，但大多數(shù)用途是利用凸輪和它的從動件做函數(shù)變換。 9. The problem of the specialist in mechanical design is not how to design a rolling bearing but, rather, how to select one. 在機械設(shè)計中，專家所面臨的問題，不是如何設(shè)計軸承，而是如何挑選軸承。 20. Finishing, for which the metal removal rate, and consequently the cutting force, is low, but the required dimensional accuracy and surface finish relatively high. 精加工，通常金屬切削率和切削力低，但所要求的尺寸精度和表面光潔度相對高。 ） 2. A mechanism or linkage is a constrained kinematic chain, and is a mechanical device that has the purpose of transferring motion and/or force from a source to an output. A linkage consists of links (or bars), generally considered rigid, which are connected by joints, such as pin (or revolute) or prismatic joints, to form open or closed chains (or loops). Such kinematic chains, with at least one link fixed, bee (1) mechanisms if at least two other links remain mobility, or (2) structures if no mobility remains. In other words, a mechanism permits relative motion between its rigid links。s criteria states that the sum of the shortest and longest links of a planar fourbar linkage cannot be greater than the sum of the remaining two links if there is to be continuous relative rotation between any two links.（ 四桿機構(gòu) 可具有一種稱作曲柄搖桿機構(gòu)的形式，一種雙搖桿機構(gòu)，一種雙曲柄（拉桿）機構(gòu)，致于稱作哪一種形式的機構(gòu)，取決于跟機架（固定構(gòu)件）相連接的兩桿的運動范圍。哈登伯格（ Hartenberg）說到： “ 運轉(zhuǎn) ” 是一個術(shù)語，其意義是傳給輸出構(gòu)件的運動的有效性。事實上，由于運動副摩擦的影響，一般根據(jù)實際經(jīng)驗，用比規(guī)定值大的傳動角去設(shè)計機構(gòu)。這個定義的第一部分就涉及運動學(xué)分析。規(guī)定所要求的性能，怎樣一種類型的機構(gòu)才是合適的？（齒輪系，連桿機構(gòu)？還是凸輪機構(gòu)？）而機構(gòu) 應(yīng)具有多少構(gòu)件？需要多少個自由度？怎樣的輪廓結(jié)構(gòu)才是所希望的？等等。恒定角速比應(yīng)用中必定是軸向傳動。 the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. code and Regulations revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations column 1 by 2020 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation。s leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the code and rule , reflects the party39。由于使用非圓齒輪，非線性角速比也是很有用的。 2．尺寸綜合。敘述運動分析的任務(wù)包含機構(gòu)的主要尺寸、構(gòu)件間的相互連結(jié)和輸入運動的技術(shù)特性或驅(qū)動方法。一 個決定性因素的值（它含有對于某個給定機構(gòu)圖形，位置的輸出運動變量對輸入變量的導(dǎo)數(shù)）是該連桿機構(gòu)在具體位置中的可動性的一個尺度。雖然最終的輸出力或扭矩不僅是連桿幾何圖形的函數(shù)，而且一般也是動力或慣性力的結(jié)果，那常常是大到如靜態(tài)力的幾倍。 并連續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)動，而輸出構(gòu)件僅僅作搖動（即搖擺的桿件）。連桿機構(gòu)是由通常被認為是剛體構(gòu)件或桿組成的，它們是以銷軸鉸接的，例如用柱銷（圓形的）或棱柱體銷軸鉸接，以便成形開式或閉式（回環(huán)式）的運動鏈。 22. Tracer milling is characterized by coordinated or synchronized movements of either the paths of the cutter and tracing elements, or the paths of the workpiece and model. 仿形銑床的特點是刀具和跟蹤元件的軌跡運動的協(xié)調(diào)或同步，或者是工件和模型的軌跡運動的協(xié)調(diào)或同步。 14. Machines using basically the singlepoint cutting tools include: (1) engine lathes, (2) turret lathes, (3) tracing and duplicating lathes, (4) singlespindle automatic lathes, (5) multispindle automatic lathes, (6) shapers and planers, (7) boring machines. 使用單刃切 削刀具的機床主要包括： (1)普通車床， (2)六角車床， (3)仿形車床， (4)單軸自動車床， (5)多軸自動車床， (6)牛頭刨床和龍門刨床 , (7)鏜床。一個典型的例子將要求一個含有上升一停歇一返回和可能另一個停歇的周期，每階段經(jīng)過一個指定的角度，伴隨著一個所要求的從動件的位移，這個位移以厘米或度來度量。 ） 2. Although the fourbar linkage and slidercrank mechanism are very useful and found in thousands of applications, we can see that these linkages have limited performance level.( 雖然四桿機構(gòu)和曲柄滑塊機構(gòu)是非常有用而且在成千上萬的應(yīng)用中都可找到。 ） 4. The ability to visualize relative motion, to reason why a mechanism is designed the way it is, and the ability to improve on a particular design are marks of a successful kinematician.（ 設(shè)想相對運動的能力，能推想出之所以這樣設(shè)計一個機構(gòu)的原因和對一個具體設(shè)計進行改進的能力是一個成功的機構(gòu)學(xué)家的標(biāo)志。 6. Typical methods of fastening and joining parts include the use of such items as bolts, nuts, cap screws, setscrews, rivets, locking devices and keys. 緊固和聯(lián)結(jié)零部件的典型方法包含使用這些零件：螺栓，螺母，有頭螺釘、定位螺釘，鉚釘，鎖緊裝置和鍵。 17. Antifriction bearings are used in a great variety of products, toys, household products, refrigerators, roller stakes, garage doors, trucks, industrial machinery, dental equipments and guided missiles, for example. 減摩軸承使用在各種各樣的產(chǎn)品中，例如：玩具，家用產(chǎn)品，電冰箱，軋輥座，汽車門，卡車，工業(yè)機械，牙醫(yī)設(shè)備和導(dǎo)彈等等。 五．翻譯下列短文 kinematic chain is a system of links, that is, rigid bodies, which are either jointed together or are in contact with one another in a manner that permits them to move relative to one another. If one of the links is fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will cause each of the other links to move to definite predictable position, the system is a constrained kinematic chain. If one of the links is held fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will not cause each of the other links to move to a definite predictable position, then the system is an unconstrained kinematic chain. （ 運動鏈是一個構(gòu)件系統(tǒng)裝置即若干個剛體，它們或者彼此鉸接或者互相接觸，方式上是允許它們彼此間產(chǎn)生相對運動。由于連桿機構(gòu)做成一簡單機構(gòu)而且能設(shè)定實現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，例如非線性運動和力的傳遞運動。格拉肖夫準則（定理）表明：如果四桿機構(gòu)中，任意兩桿之間能作連續(xù)相對轉(zhuǎn)動，那么，其最長桿長 度與最短桿長度之和就小于或等于其余兩桿長度之和。傳動角 0176。機構(gòu)的運動設(shè)計即運動的綜合，第一步常常是先設(shè)計整部機器。這就是運動綜合的本質(zhì)。 of their contacting profiles must be such that the mon normal passes through a fixed point on the line of the centers. 齒輪是借助于輪齒成功嚙合來傳遞運動的機器零件。 rule around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party anizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision proces