【正文】 em ? The need ? The method ? The benefits Levelled production maximises the benefits of Just in Time by smoothing both the quantity and variety of parts over a production period. Production sequence Non Levelled production ? Work Content Overworked Underutilised 60 Work Content (minutes) Product Type 20 30 10 The need Levelled Production Levelled production ? Work Content Production sequence 60 Frequency of Withdrawal Frequency of Production Each part each day Once per day Minimum Stock Level before Withdrawal 4 x , 4 x , 4 x Each part twice per day Once per day 4 x , 4 x , 4 x Each part each day Twice per day 2 x , 2 x , 2 x Each part twice per day Twice per day 2 x , 2 x , 2 x Each part each day Four times per day 1 x , 1 x , 1 x Each part four times per day Four times per day 1 x , 1 x , 1 x 12 12 8 6 6 3 Significant reductions in stock levels at all stages of the process can be achieved by regular production and withdrawal The Need for Levelling Levelled Production Fill up system Sequential system ? Ideal pitch is one kanban per slot (. total time available/total no. of kanbans) ? There should be one row per derivative ? Level by derivative and then by volume The frequency at which kanbans are placed on the production process is governed by the levelling board. time pitch 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 product time pitch 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 T ? Daily sequence list is levelled by work content: – low, medium, high The method Levelled Production ? Avoids overburdening or under utilisation of personnel ? Allows simple production management through takt time production ? Reduces the leadtime from order to delivery ? Ensures delivery continuity ? Reduces stock throughout the process Levelled production allows the production control system to be designed to suit the customer demand pattern Benefits of Levelling Levelled Production Just in Time allows production to be matched to customer demand, while at the same time highlighting waste in the system. ? Reduces batch sizes ? Reduces inventory levels ? Increases process flexibility ? Reduces manufacturing leadtime ? Improves quality performance ? Improves labour productivity Mutually beneficial partnership between supplier and customer Summary Levelled Production