【正文】 dditional package for the injection tunnel TI8. Package 1 consists of all new underground and surface structures to be constructed on Swiss territory at Point 1. Identically, Package 2 consists of all new underground and surface structures to be constructed on French territory at Point 5. Unlike packages 1 and 2, package 3 is geographically spread around the LEP and SPS rings and consists ofall underground and surface structures to be constructed that are not located at either Point 1 or design and construction supervision of the new works was awarded in three separate packages, each one to a different multinational joint venture of engineering panies. For the design and construction supervision purposes, Injection Tunnel TI8 is an integral part of package 3. Package 1 is currently being designed by a joint venture between Electricit233。ration Internationale des Ing233。 (iii) Alliance Contracts, based on performance and goals in order to make the contractor an active and interested party in the overall success of the project, and (iv) Turnkey Contracts in which the total contract price is a lump sum. These different types of Contracts are associated with different contract risks. In a Costplus Contract, the employer bears almost all the Contract risk. In a Remeasurement Contract, contractors assume the part of the risk associated with the organization, methods and means of the construction activity/process. In an Alliance Contract, contractors assume not only the risk associated with the Remeasurement Contracts, but also the risks attached to the failure of the project’s preset objectives and goals. In a Turnkey Contract, the 4 contractor bears almost all the Contract risk. This means that from Contract type (i) to type (iv), the inherent contract risk is decreasing on the Employer side and herefore increasing on the Contractor’s side. Attached to the Contract risk is the Contract flexibility, ., the capacity to acmodate changes to the ‘Scope of Services’. From the employer’s point of view, more risk means also more flexibility. For instance, although a Turnkey Contract is extremely appealing from the ‘Project Finance’ point of view (more and more investors, both private and institutional, impose this type of contract in order to minimize the risks and fix the costs) is in fact a disaster when the employer introduces significant changes to the ‘Scope of Services’. Since it was impossible to fully define the ‘Scope of Services’ for the LHC project and CERN would like to retain some flexibility to acmodate inevitable modifications, it was decided to adopt a Remeasurement type of Contract. Several models for the Form of Contract, ., the legal and mercial terms of reference, area vailable for Remeasurement Contracts. Almost all Governments in Europe (World) use or have a model Form of Contract for this. The models are usually elaborated by associations of Consulting Engineers. One of these associations is FIDIC (F233。 no agreement was reached for packages 1 and 3)。2 concerning contract flexibility, it must be mentioned that any modification to the Tender/Contract documents, either in terms of quantities, planning, specifications, interfaces with other contractors, interfaces with existing facilities and/or risk, will have an immediate cost impact. Please note that the only way to avoid problems during construction, therefore the golden rule of the industry, is: 8 Provide the contractor with all the information, specify everything and change nothing. REFERENCES: 1 Conditions of Contract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction, FIDIC, Lausanne (1993). 2 Standard Bidding Documents, Procurement of Works, World Bank, Washington . (1995). 9 Accreditation of European Civil Engineering Programmes, 2020, 117(6): 23192326. LHC 土建著作中的 CERN 在大型工程項目中的作用Pedrod’A231。 考慮到 CERN 作為政府組織， 最初的 FIDIC 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文件仍有待適用、修改證明以及解釋。 由于設(shè)計和工程監(jiān)督的原因，開鑿隧道 TI8 是工程 3 的主要部份。 合同是一份定義“服務(wù)范圍”的文件而且由兩個相互依賴的部份組成： （ i）合法、商業(yè)的部分，合同的形式權(quán)力，和（ ii）技術(shù)上的部分。 在重新測量 合同中，承包商承擔(dān)與工程的組織、方法和與方法有關(guān)的危險部份的活動或程序。 一些合同形式的模型，也就是，合法的、商業(yè)委托權(quán)限的模式對于重新測量合同來說是可以使用的。 FIDIC 是國際性知名的（ i）事實； （ ii） FIDIC 的形式被廣泛地應(yīng)用，（ iii）它經(jīng)過多年的嘗試與調(diào)節(jié)已被認(rèn)定為一種合同的模型。 這些的修正是，舉例來說： （ i）第一個例證爭論決議機(jī)制將會被包含在合同之中。 由于這一個程序依靠 CERN 的爭執(zhí)規(guī)則，因此在合同 增長的情況下大幅度地減少雇主的權(quán)利是很有必要的（見167。 4. 各項工程在合同中的地位 : 對工程合同的三個要素： 承包商，工程師和雇主。 在合同期間，工程師與其他 CERN 小組將沒有任何接觸。這份合同起草的費(fèi)用，只考慮對我們的專業(yè)顧問的支付費(fèi)用（也就是，不包括時間花費(fèi)以及 CERN 職員的旅行開支）是大約 400,000 CHF. （大約 % 的顧問費(fèi)用和大約 % 的工程合同評價）從 CERN 的效益成本可以說明： 對于 400 KCHF， CERN 模式對承包商分派風(fēng)險的比率在重新測量合同比傳統(tǒng)的風(fēng)險更大。 應(yīng)當(dāng)被指出的是在風(fēng)險性、適用性和合同的彈性方 面做出的評論只被視為一般性的指標(biāo)