【正文】
e concrete in this period. (2) Middle period: Up till the concrete is cooled until stability temperature from cement send out heat function basically when expiring, in this period, the temperature stress is mainly because the cooling of the concrete and external temperature change cause, these stresses and remnants stresses that is formed in early days are superposed , mix and congeal the elastic mould amount that goes to and does not change much during this period. (3) Later period: Operation period after the plete cooling of concrete. Temperature stress whether external temperature change cause mainly, these stresses and first two kinds of remnants stresseses are changed and added . 3. The measure of improving condition of restraining is: (1) Divide and sew and divide one rationally 。本文通過多年的現(xiàn)場觀察,通過查閱有關混凝土內部應力方面的專著,對混凝土溫度裂縫產(chǎn)生的原因、現(xiàn)場混凝土溫度的控制和預防裂縫的措施進行等進行闡述。其次,在運轉過程中,溫度變化對結構的應力狀態(tài)具有顯著的不容忽視的影響。溫度應力主要是外界氣溫變化所引起,這些應力與前兩種 的殘余應力相迭加。 ( 5)提高水泥漿與骨料的粘結力,提高的混凝土抗裂性能。 施工方法 如下: 4. 1 模板制作與安裝 由于防水混凝土特別強調密實性,所以對模板的制作和安裝也相應提高了要求,即要求密實不漏漿,堅固不變形,吸水性要小,宜優(yōu)先選用竹膠板模板或鋼模板。 (4)本工程使用商品混凝土,有效的提高了混凝土攪拌質量及各類外加劑的摻量,嚴格控制了混凝土水灰比及坍落度。應盡量少留或不留,當混凝土澆筑受到設備或支模條件的限制時,則可在征得設計單位的同意后,在規(guī)定部位留置水平施工 縫,一般留在底板以上 200 mm 處的豎壁上工程中采用新工藝 —— 膨脹性橡膠止水帶處理施工縫的方法,取代常用方法,諸如企口式施工縫、高低式施工縫、平口施工縫等。 。由于施工縫是防水結構的一個薄弱環(huán)節(jié),施工中應專人負責,精心操作,確保施工質量。 4. 4 施工中的注意事項 (1)施工作業(yè)面的合理劃分。 4. 2 鋼筋制作與綁扎 防水混凝土結構對鋼筋有如下要求: (1)鋼筋應盡可能采用螺紋鋼筋,增加握裹力和止水能力。減水防裂劑可有效的提高的混凝土抗拉強度,大幅提高混凝土的抗裂性能。例如使用減水防裂劑,筆者在實踐中總結出其主要作用為: ( 1)混凝土中存在大量毛細孔道,水蒸發(fā)后毛細管中產(chǎn)生毛細管張力,使混凝土干縮變形。 裂縫的原因 混凝土中產(chǎn)生裂縫有多種原因,主要是溫度和濕度的變化,混凝土的脆性和不均勻性,以及結構不合理,原材料不合格(如堿骨料反應),模板變形,基礎不均勻沉降等。而在今天,混凝土的裂縫較為普遍,在橋梁工程中裂縫幾乎無所不在。 Discuss the construction temperature and crack of the concrete lightly The summary In order to prevent the owners of the concrete work of claims, we must do a good job in the construction process in the temperature and crack control, through observation live for many years, through consulting the monograph about stress within the concrete, explain to concrete temperature reason , onthespot concrete control and measure , prevention of crack of temperature that crack produce. Keyword Concrete Temperature stress Crack Control The concrete occupies the important position in modern engineering construction. But today, the crack of the concrete is paratively general, the cracks are nearly omnipresent in the science of bridge building. Though we take various kinds of measures in constructing, careful, but the crack still occurs now and then. Tracing it to its cause, it is one of them inpletely that our change to concrete temperature stress pays attention to. In the large volume concrete, temperature stress and temperature control are significant. This is mainly because of the reason of two respects. First of all, concrete often appear the temperature crack in not constructing, influence the globality and durability of the structure. Secondly, in the course of operating, the temperature change has remarkable influence that can39。 關鍵詞 混凝土;溫度應力;裂縫;控制 混凝土在現(xiàn)代工程建設中占有重要地位。我們遇到的主要是施工中的溫度裂縫,因此本文僅對施工中混凝土裂縫的成因和處理措施做一探討。 控制溫度的措施如下: ( 1)采用改善骨料級配,用干硬性混凝土,摻混合料,加引氣劑或塑化劑等措施以減少混凝土中的水泥用量; ( 2)拌合混凝土時加水或用水將碎石冷卻以降低混凝土的澆筑溫度; ( 3)熱天澆筑混凝土時減少澆筑厚度,利用澆筑層面散熱; 為保證混凝土工程質量,防止開裂,提高混凝土的耐久性,正確使用外加劑也是減少開裂的措施之一。 ( 6)混凝土在收縮時受到約束產(chǎn)生拉應力,當拉應力大于混凝土抗拉強度時裂縫就 會產(chǎn)生。嚴格控制模板間的縫隙大小,超過 2 mm 的必須用海綿條塞縫 ,對于板面多孔的模板一律不用,同時做好墻柱爛根防治工作,采取根部貼海綿條,底部抹水泥砂漿,澆筑混凝土前,先注入同標號的水泥砂漿由于防水混凝土結構壁厚大多較薄,為保證構件的幾何尺寸,常采用內外螺栓拉接的措施,需要注意的是,應在拉接螺栓中間設置止水鐵板,以防止水沿著螺栓滲漏,形成引水通路。 (5)混凝土的澆筑采用泵送工藝,有效的避免了混凝土在運輸過程中產(chǎn)生離析泌水及漏漿現(xiàn)象。防水混凝土一般在垂直方向不留置施工縫,在主樓與裙樓之間設了后澆帶,垂直方向的施工縫在接縫部位設置膨脹性橡膠止水帶或鋼