【正文】 nse ? Certificate ? Fumigation 47 Prepared By Frank Chen Freight cost calculationExample RouteSLR_SZ?Shanghai ?SFO ?Santa Clara Price Term DDU Freight model By air Shipment size10 Pallet, each pallet size inch 16 cartons in a pallet Gross weight of each lbs CommodityPrinted circuit assemblies for telephonic apparatus Qty100 pcs/carton 48 Prepared By Frank Chen Freight cost calculationExample Customs clearance in SIP $25 SZ ?Shanghai( By Truck) $110 Shanghai Airport $10 Shanghai ?SFO(By air)* $ Customs clearance $ MPF* $485 SFO ?Santa Clara $200 Total $ Freight cost per unit=$$ * See next page 49 Prepared By Frank Chen Freight cost calculationExample 1. Shanghai? SFO (by air) Rate: $。1 Prepared By Frank Chen International Trade Management ? The Global Environment ? International Complexities ? Trade management ? Summary 2 Prepared By Frank Chen Managing a Global business requires additional integrated processes To buy, manufacture,distribute and sell any place on earth requires knowledge of: Culture Economics distance Governments 3 Prepared By Frank Chen A major difference in doing business internationally is integrating the regulatory requirements into business processes Political and Governmental Complexity: ?Changes in economic blocs ?Trade an instrument of power ?The WTO agreement ?Global environmental concerns ?Country specific interpretation and regulation for importing and exporting ?Automated, paperless, process based enforcement ?Constant Change 4 Prepared By Frank Chen Why are governments involved? ?Impacts on national economies ?Opportunity to apply taxes to merce ?Control movement of goods or information 5 Prepared By Frank Chen How do governments affect trade? Treaties The WTO agreement Application of taxes Trade restrictions Trade stimulators Logistics processes are directly affected by regulatory requirements 6 Prepared By Frank Chen Global markets can have considerable regulatory risk for panies ?. panies are not at liberty to do the business without restrictions ?The . Government defines with we can do business ?Over 500 years of suspended export privileges were levied in 1996 ?Millions of dollars in fines and penalties were assessed ?Numerical panies are under criminal investigation ?Individuals can be charged and imprisoned ?Generally violations are not deliberate ?In emerging markets, new businesses are formed daily and may be restricted ?Old “Soviet Block” government agencies are changing names and missions ?Any product can result in violations,not just high tech products ?Global purchasing leads to significant import exposures ?Threat of terrorist activity emerges from many sources ?China and other countries have similar but different rules regarding importing and exporting 7 Prepared By Frank Chen Why would a pany want to deal with all this? Globalization is not an optional strategy Competition and customers drive business global Greater sales Increase productivity Greater profits Lucrative but Complex 8 Prepared By Frank Chen Many international regulatory plexities can be Explored and understood by asking three deceptively simple questions Key: What are the goods? Where did they e from or where are they going? What is their value? 9 Prepared By Frank Chen What are the goods? A question every government asks, for which there are often many answers Descriptions lead to Classification using a harmonized code A CRT?…..Memory chips? An analytical device? A TV or a video