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畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)-五自由度液壓搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手(完整版)

  

【正文】 ??? = 0n? =294MPa c? 所以軸強(qiáng)度條件符合。 ()M 2 2 0 . 58p b D d kg f???驅(qū) 則 `MM?驅(qū) 驅(qū) 所以: 所設(shè)計(jì)的相關(guān)尺寸滿足,強(qiáng)度要求合理。 哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 11 第 4章 各部分的具體計(jì)算 手部夾持器的計(jì)算 手部夾持器設(shè)計(jì)要求 夾持兩個(gè)棒料,每個(gè)不大于 5kg 2. 各部分的長(zhǎng)度 手腕: 300mm 手臂: 800mm 俯仰小臂: 200mm 大臂: 500mm 3. 手抓機(jī)構(gòu)分析 手部夾持器是工業(yè)機(jī)械手的關(guān)鍵部位之一,它的主要用途是夾持工件或工具按規(guī)定的動(dòng)作程序來(lái)完成制定的工作,它的加緊和伸開都是自動(dòng)完成的。 ( 11) 電磁鐵 9 通電,伸縮臂回縮,實(shí)現(xiàn)伸縮臂軸線定位。 45176。圖中矩形為包容區(qū)域 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)工學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 6 圖 22 機(jī)械手水平面的運(yùn)動(dòng)范圍 圖 23 空間轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)范圍 4. 運(yùn)動(dòng)傳動(dòng)方式 運(yùn)動(dòng)傳 動(dòng)方式是將動(dòng)力源的運(yùn)動(dòng)傳遞到實(shí)現(xiàn)自由度運(yùn)動(dòng)的過(guò)程,本設(shè)計(jì)中將直線油缸的直線運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換成回轉(zhuǎn)油缸的回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)傳遞出去,針對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的需要和驅(qū)動(dòng)力的大小,各自由度的運(yùn)動(dòng)采用不同的傳遞方式,大臂回轉(zhuǎn),腕部回轉(zhuǎn)都采用回轉(zhuǎn)油缸,小臂俯仰、小臂伸縮、大臂升降都采用直線油缸?;谝陨显?,本設(shè)計(jì)暫不考慮對(duì)于功能模塊的搭載問(wèn)題 ,僅僅討論并設(shè)計(jì)一種合理可行、盡可能優(yōu)化了的五自由度液壓搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手 。 ( 4)通用性好,本搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,考慮到其通用性,因此留有 余地,因此除搬運(yùn)外,還可以焊接噴漆等。此外,它能在高溫、低溫、深水、宇宙、反射性和其他有毒、有污染環(huán)境條件上進(jìn)行操作。目前,第二代產(chǎn)品,微機(jī)控制、直流電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的小型工業(yè)機(jī)械手已成產(chǎn)品。最后,在各個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)最終確定后,本設(shè)計(jì)還對(duì)機(jī)械手的三維效果圖在第 6 章進(jìn)行了繪制。 關(guān)鍵詞 機(jī)械手;五自由度;搬運(yùn) ; 液壓 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)工學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 their owncdsvlpa,mxukgf.()ybTqCzjSAX II The design of five freedom degrees hydraulic porterage machine hand Abstract The contents of this design is the total shape that transports a machine hand to five freedom degrees hydraulic to carry on a design, exercise the scope carry on a programming, sport route of adjustment, and it originally driving of machine hand the system carry on designing, the ponent used in the hydraulic route diagram carries on with meticulous care selection, after carry on the design of oil road, first, this task book to machine hand at modern social in of function and the development present condition in nowadays carried on simple introduction and still included the research meaning of machine hand among them, machine palm reading pare at a series of advantage had by on a design to the total project, made sure to design a kind of five freedom degrees porterage machine hand, including the total design of machine hand, move a way design, the action programed a design, the 3D shape designs etc..Carried on an assurance to some basic technique parameters of the machine hand secondly, and the first step programed total external appearance sketch plan, drew hydraulic principle with the AUTOCAD software diagram, this the selection of each ponent of the principle diagram can make sure in the later calculation, then as for concrete calculation that carried on each part in chapter 4, calculation included a hand to clip and hold a machine among them, the wrist department turns round an oil urn and putes, small arm structure of of design, the flexible data of the urn of Fu Yang really settle, the big arm turns round an oil urn of design, the big arm ascends and descends anization of design, the hand drives an oil urn oil bore the size pute, wrist department turn round oil urn oil bore size assurance, the big arm turns round oil urn oil bore size assurance, the big arm ascends and descends oil urn oil bore size assurance, flexible arm oil urn oil bore size assurance, after the each oil urn 哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 their owncdsvlpa,mxukgf.()ybTqCzjSAghX III makes selection, now can to oil urn the piston pole carry on school pit, chapter 5 carried on school to the piston pole pit, include a hand and drive oil among them urn piston pole school pit, wrist department turn round oil urn piston pole school pit, flexible oil urn piston pole school pit, Fu Yang oil urn piston pole school , at each piece according to after the end assurance, this design still carried on to draw in chapter 6 to the 3D effect diagram of machine hand. Keywords robot hand。 美國(guó)是最早研制和應(yīng)用機(jī)械手的國(guó)家,早在 1967 年就定型批量生產(chǎn)了 UNIMATE4000 型前身。更顯其優(yōu)越性,有著廣闊的發(fā)展前途。 ( 5) 工作 效率高,提高了勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)效率,同時(shí)也降低了成本。 總體方案分析 圖 21 組成 框架圖 參考諸多的搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手的設(shè)計(jì)理念,以及對(duì)于本題目 —— 五自由度搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手的理解,現(xiàn)將 總體分為五大部件,分別為: 大臂升降結(jié)構(gòu)、大臂回轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)、伸縮臂結(jié)構(gòu)、小臂伸縮結(jié)構(gòu)、手爪回轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)、手爪伸縮結(jié)構(gòu)。 5. 機(jī)械手的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式 采用液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是: ( 1) 速度反映性好 。 /s 小臂伸縮 0— 300mm 小臂俯仰 0— 100mm 大臂回轉(zhuǎn) 90176。 ( 12)電磁鐵 11 通電, 大臂升降油缸下降,實(shí)現(xiàn)大臂軸向定位。 手部夾持器應(yīng)具有以下幾點(diǎn): ( a) 足夠的夾緊力 ( b) 保證工件在手指的準(zhǔn)確定位 ( c ) 能適應(yīng)工作環(huán)境所提出的要求 ( d)保證在強(qiáng)度和剛度的前提下,盡可能使結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,重輕。 : QS = Q +QS` Q=P/Z=π( R2 – r2 ) p/3Z QS : 每個(gè)螺釘在危險(xiǎn)截面上承受的拉力 Q : 工作載荷 QS`: 預(yù)緊力 P : 驅(qū)動(dòng)力 P : 工作油壓 Z : 螺釘數(shù)目 取 6 則代入已知數(shù)據(jù)知 : Q=P/Z =π( R2 – r2 ) p/3Z = 1327 N QS` ==1725N 所以: QS = Q +QS` =3025N 螺釘?shù)膹?qiáng)度條件為: ? ?s= d / 4Q???π 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)工學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 16 所以: ? ?1 4SQd ??? π 查取機(jī)械工程手冊(cè)第 5 冊(cè),取螺釘工程直徑為 6mm : 動(dòng)片與輸出軸連接方式如下圖: 如圖 44 動(dòng)片與輸出軸連接圖 1— 動(dòng)片 2— 輸出軸 3— 定片 依動(dòng)片所受力矩的平衡 條件: 22( ) Q Z f r2bp R r M? ? ?摩 ( 416) 22bp( )Q=2RrZfr?? 式中: Q— 每個(gè)螺釘?shù)念A(yù)緊力 P— 油壓 B— 動(dòng)片寬度 Z— 螺釘數(shù)目 F— 被連接件配合面處摩擦系數(shù)取 螺釘?shù)膹?qiáng)度條件為: ? ? / 4SQ????π ( 417) 所以: ? ?s1 4d Q??? π 將以上數(shù)據(jù)代入公式得: Q= 螺釘材料選用 40Cr,查取相關(guān)資料, ??? =400MPa 哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 17 則: ? ?11 .3 4SQd???π= 查取《機(jī)械手冊(cè)》,取螺釘工程直徑為: 8mm 小臂結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 做水平伸縮直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的油缸的驅(qū)動(dòng)力 P P P P P? ? ? ?回密 摩 慣 式中: P摩— 摩擦阻力,手臂運(yùn)動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng)表面間的摩擦力 P密 — 密封圈處的摩擦阻力 P回 — 油缸回油腔低壓油液所造成的阻力 P慣 — 啟動(dòng)或制動(dòng)時(shí)所受的平均慣性力 ( a) P摩 的計(jì)算 由于活塞桿與液壓缸的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng),它們將產(chǎn) 生一定的摩擦 如下圖: 如圖 45 受力尺寸圖 F0??MA( ) =bG AR總 P P P P P? ? ? ?回密 摩 慣 b=RaGR?總 得: Ra = laGa?總 ab=+P P P摩 摩 摩 ( 418) =u`Ra +u`Rb ` l+a=u aPG總摩 ( 2 ) 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)工學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 18 G總 — 參與運(yùn)動(dòng)的零件的總重量 L — 重心導(dǎo)向支撐前端距離 a — 支撐長(zhǎng)度 u`— 當(dāng)量摩擦系數(shù) u` 為 ( ~)取 由前面的計(jì)算 可知,手爪夾緊油缸,腕部回
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