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檢測(cè)技術(shù)與儀表課程設(shè)計(jì)論文(完整版)

  

【正文】 e code and rule , lead to safeguard the solemnity and authority of the party discipline, ensure that the party discipline and the laws and regulations for implementation in place. Throughout the discipline in the daily supervision and management , strengthen supervision and inspection, from the thorough investigation of violations of discipline behavior. Strengthen to key areas, key departments and key projects as well as the masses reflect the concentration of the units and departments for supervision. strengthening supervision, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to set an example for pliance with the code and rule is a man must be hexyl, blacksmith needs its own hardware. Discipline inspection ans as the executor of the party discipline, and supervisor of the defenders, for its supervision must be more strictly, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to firmly establish the awareness of Party Constitution, sense of discipline and rules consciousness, politics loyalty, sense obey. Action speak Ji Ordinance to set an example of the 檢測(cè)技術(shù)及儀表課程設(shè)計(jì)論文 15 regulations of the rule of law, strengthen supervision and accept the supervision of the firmness and consciousness, do ply with and . To firmly establish the discipline must first be disciplined, the supervisor will be subject to the supervision of concept, and consciously safeguard and implement party passes party, take the lead in practicing three strict real strict, so loyal, clean, play. To be good at learning, the Constitution and the code as morality, politics and brought to fruition。 注意事項(xiàng) 1 水平安裝,要使兩電極在同一水平面上,并保證測(cè)量導(dǎo)管都充滿液體 2 安裝地點(diǎn)要遠(yuǎn)離一切磁源 3 流量計(jì)前必須有 10D 左右的直管道,以消除各種局部阻力對(duì)流線分布對(duì)稱(chēng)性的影響。 圖 10 一體式電磁流量計(jì) HM69EMF 工作原理 一體式 電磁流量計(jì) 是根據(jù)法拉第電磁感應(yīng)定律制定,用來(lái)測(cè)量導(dǎo)電流體的體積 流量。 圖 9 UHZ517C16 耐腐蝕 PPR型磁翻柱液位計(jì) 檢測(cè)技術(shù)及儀表課程設(shè)計(jì)論文 9 工作原理 液位計(jì)根據(jù)浮力原理和磁性耦合作用原理工作的。 注意 事項(xiàng) 盡量避免水浴影響,并進(jìn)行恰當(dāng)?shù)?冷端處理 水浴溫度( 20~ 80 ℃) 水浴溫度測(cè)量選用 SARN23000M27300/15010 帶溫度變送器熱電偶 。 C 精度等級(jí) 允 差 WZPK Pt100 200+500 A級(jí) 177。 圖 3 實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置流程圖 1恒溫槽體; 2試驗(yàn)管段; 3試驗(yàn)管入口壓力; 4管段 入 口溫度測(cè)點(diǎn); 5管壁溫度測(cè)點(diǎn); 6管段出口溫度測(cè)點(diǎn); 7試驗(yàn)管出口壓力; 8流量測(cè)量; 9集水箱; 10循環(huán)水泵; 11補(bǔ)水箱; 12電加熱管 3 被測(cè)參數(shù)及儀表選用 測(cè)量 實(shí)驗(yàn)管流體進(jìn)口( 20~ 40℃)、出口溫度( 20~ 80 ℃) 此兩處的溫度比 較低,測(cè)量不便,適合測(cè)量此段溫度的主要有液體膨脹式、雙金屬、熱電偶及熱電阻等溫度傳感器,而我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備有上位機(jī)采集信息,所以最好選用熱電偶或者熱電阻。為明晰起見(jiàn),假定換熱面只有一側(cè)有污垢存在,則有: 圖 1 清潔和有污垢時(shí)的溫度分布及熱阻 Tb1 Rc1 Rc2 Tb2 AQ Rw 壁 ( a)潔凈 ( b)污染 Rf1 Rf2 壁 污垢沉積層 Rf1 Rw Rf2 Ts1 Ts2 Tb1 Tb2 Ts1 Ts2 檢測(cè)技術(shù)及儀表課程設(shè)計(jì)論文 3 qTTRRRU bcscwcc /)(/1 ,121 ????? ( 6) qTTRRRRU bfsffwcf /)(/1 ,121 ?????? ( 7) 若在結(jié)垢過(guò)程中, q、 Tb 均得持不變,且同樣假定 fc RR 22 ? ,則兩式相減有:qTTR csfsf /)( ,1,1 ?? (8) 這樣,換熱面有垢一側(cè)的污垢熱阻可以通過(guò)測(cè)量清潔狀態(tài)和污染狀態(tài)下的壁溫和熱流而被間接測(cè)量出來(lái)。 按對(duì)沉積物的監(jiān)測(cè)手段分有:熱學(xué)法和非傳熱量的污垢監(jiān)測(cè)法。這三者之間的關(guān)系由下式表示: ffff ff mR ???? 1?? (1) 通常測(cè)量污垢熱 阻的原理如下: 設(shè)傳熱過(guò)程是在熱流密度 q為常數(shù)情況下進(jìn)行的,圖 1a 為換熱面兩側(cè)處于清潔狀態(tài)下的溫度分布,其總的傳熱熱阻為: cwcc RRRU 21/1 ??? (3) 圖 1b 為兩側(cè)有污垢時(shí)的溫度分布,其總傳熱熱阻為 ffwfff RRRRRU 2211/1 ????? (4) 如果假定換熱面上污垢的積聚對(duì)壁面與流體的對(duì)流傳熱系數(shù)影響不大,則可認(rèn)為 fcfc RRRR 2211 , ?? 。水浴中平行放置兩實(shí)驗(yàn)管,獨(dú)自擁有補(bǔ)水箱和集水箱,構(gòu)成兩套獨(dú)立的實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)。 常溫絕緣電阻 熱電阻在環(huán)境溫度為 15— 35176。同時(shí)該產(chǎn)品裝上溫度轉(zhuǎn)換器后,具有抗干擾、精度高、穩(wěn)定性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)并且節(jié)省了補(bǔ)償導(dǎo)線,是天然氣、石化、電站等行業(yè)中管道溫度測(cè)量的新型溫度傳感器。 相對(duì)濕度 5%~ 95% RH 熱電偶類(lèi)型 E 分度號(hào) |鎳鎘 銅鎳 熱電偶 對(duì)數(shù) 單支式 |通常接線端子為 2 個(gè) 安裝固定裝置 螺紋 M272 接線盒形式 防水式 熱電偶 外徑 mm Ф16mm 常用熱電偶保護(hù)管材料 1Cr18Ni9Ti 測(cè)溫元件形式 傳統(tǒng)裝配式芯子 熱電偶精度等級(jí) II 級(jí) 變送器量程 0~ 150℃ 誤差 分析 導(dǎo)熱誤差,溫度計(jì)在水中插入的深度影響觀測(cè)值(插入太深,測(cè)量值偏高;插入太淺,測(cè)量值偏低) 注意 事項(xiàng) 溫度計(jì)以適當(dāng)?shù)拈L(zhǎng)度直立插入水中 。 精 度 級(jí) 負(fù)載電阻 ≤750Ω 使用環(huán)境溫度 20~ 90℃ 工作壓力 ~ MPa 外殼材料 PPR 介質(zhì)粘度 ≤, 對(duì)于粘度大的介質(zhì)或測(cè)量溫度低時(shí)易結(jié)晶的介質(zhì) ,可選用加熱夾套型液位計(jì) 供電電壓 1236VDC 輸出信號(hào) 420mA 介質(zhì)密度 ~ 環(huán)境振動(dòng) 頻率 ≤25Hz 振幅 ≤ 過(guò)程連接 旁路側(cè)面安裝法蘭; DN25, 凸面 誤差分析: 1 壓力的泄漏 ; 2 引壓管道的摩擦損失 ; 3 液體介質(zhì)的管路中積集氣體 。 特點(diǎn) 1 儀表結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、可靠,無(wú)可動(dòng)部件,工作壽命長(zhǎng) ; 2 無(wú)截流阻流部件,不存在壓力損失和流體堵塞現(xiàn)象 ; 3 無(wú) 機(jī)械慣性,響應(yīng)快速,穩(wěn)定性好,可應(yīng)用于自動(dòng)檢測(cè)、調(diào)節(jié)和程控系統(tǒng); 4 測(cè) 量精度不受被測(cè)介質(zhì)的種類(lèi)及其溫度、粘度、密度、壓力等物理的影響; 5 采用聚四氟乙烯或橡膠材質(zhì)襯里和 Hc、 Hb、 316L、 Ti 等電極材料的不同組合可適應(yīng)不同介質(zhì)的需 要; 6 備有管道式、插入式等多種流量計(jì)型號(hào); 7 采用 EEPROM 存貯器,測(cè)量運(yùn)算數(shù)據(jù)存貯保護(hù)安全可靠 ; 8 具備一體化和分離型兩種型式 ; 9 高清晰度 LCD 背光顯示。應(yīng)用于航空,航天,汽車(chē),醫(yī)療設(shè)備等領(lǐng)域的差壓、液位、流量測(cè)控等。 not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm attitude of life of unrestrained selfconfidence. Plain living, there is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire, some just a calm, a calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a kind of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give up should not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. Sometimes we because of too narrowminded, too care around the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, pletely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Don39。 and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depressed things。t envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true. The truth is easy to explain, I feel Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bustling in, and in the peace of mind。 how do you treat people, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through this point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is still there. Every life, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorro
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