【正文】
r prior to entering the finishing mill. Finish rolling to a desired thickness with a possible use of interstand descaling and strip cooling. Air and water cooling of the rolled product on runout table. Cliling of the rolled product. Various types of heat transfer from the rolled workpiece to its surrounding matter occur during the rolling cycle. Some of the lost heat is recovered by generating heat inside the workpiece during its deformation. The main ponents of the workpiece temperature loss and gain in hot strip mill are usually identified as follows: loss due to heat radiation, loss due to heat convection, loss due to water cooling, loss due to heat conduction to the work rolls and table rolls, gain due to mechanical work and friction. The analytical aspects of these ponents are briefly described below. 2 TEMPERATURE LOSS DUE TO TADIATION Two methods have been employed to derive equations for temperature loss due to radiation. In the first method, the temperature gradient within the material is assumed to be negligible. The amount of heat radiated to the environment is then calculated using the StefanBoltzmann law: d q39。 致謝 通過(guò)本次的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),使握對(duì)四年所學(xué)的知識(shí)有了深刻的理解。鼠籠繞組是用來(lái)產(chǎn)生啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩的,而當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)到一定的轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)子顯極就跟住定子線圈的電流頻率而達(dá)到同步。磁場(chǎng)線圈是由一只小型直流發(fā)電機(jī)或蓄電池來(lái)激勵(lì),在大多數(shù)同步電動(dòng)機(jī)中,直流發(fā)電機(jī)是裝在電動(dòng)機(jī)軸上的,用以供應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)子磁極線圈的勵(lì)磁電流。 :單相交流電動(dòng)機(jī)只有一個(gè)繞組,轉(zhuǎn)子 是鼠籠式的。轉(zhuǎn)軸是支撐轉(zhuǎn)子的重量,傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩,輸出 機(jī)械功率的主要部件。電動(dòng)機(jī)的定子由定子鐵心、定子繞組和機(jī)座三部分組成。通常多采用三相感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)(具有三對(duì)磁極)。此種電動(dòng)機(jī)因兼可使用交、直流,故又稱(chēng)“通用電動(dòng)機(jī)”。在機(jī)械、冶金、石油、煤炭、化學(xué)、航空、交通、農(nóng)業(yè)以及其他各種工業(yè) 中,電動(dòng)機(jī)被廣泛地應(yīng)用著。 因室內(nèi)使用,故不計(jì)風(fēng)阻力及坡度阻力矩,只驗(yàn)算空載及滿載運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)兩種工況,空載起時(shí)主動(dòng)車(chē)輪與軌道接觸處的圓周切向力: NDKPdukPG o tVgGCTCgcQ47092/)(22/)2( 1239。2539。 ?)2)(( dUKGQM m ??? (33) D— 由文獻(xiàn)[ 3, 242]附錄 19 知小車(chē)車(chē)輪組主動(dòng)車(chē)輪組中Φ 315 知軸承型號(hào)為 7518,由文獻(xiàn)[ 4, 209]得內(nèi)徑 d=90mm,外徑 D=,平均值 mmd 12 5216 090 ??? K— 滾動(dòng)磨擦系數(shù),由表 71~73,知 k= u— 車(chē)輪軸承的摩擦系數(shù), u= β — 附加摩擦阻力系數(shù),由文獻(xiàn)[ 1, 114]知β =. Mm=(1000+4000)(+ ) 2= 運(yùn)行摩擦阻力: NDMP mm 311112/ 4902/0 ??? 當(dāng)無(wú)載時(shí): mNduKGM m.1402) (400 0)2(/??????? ? NDMP mm 8 82/3 1 1 4 02/0// ??? 電動(dòng)機(jī)靜功率: KNmVPN Cmj 0 0 4531 1 110 0 0 ???? ??? ? Pj= Pm= M— 電動(dòng)機(jī)個(gè)數(shù) m=1 初選電動(dòng)機(jī)功率: N=KdNj= = Kd— 電動(dòng)機(jī)功率增大系數(shù),由[ 1]表( 76),由運(yùn)行速度為 ,滑動(dòng)軸承取 Kd= , 由 附 表 30 選 電 動(dòng) 機(jī) 型 號(hào) 為 JZR2126 , Ne=, n1=910r/min,(GD2)d= 車(chē)輪最大輪壓:小車(chē)質(zhì)量后計(jì)取 G= 4000kg 輪壓均布: Pmax=1/4(Q+G)=1/4(10000+4000)=3500kg=35000N 車(chē)輪最小輪壓: Pmin=1/4G=1/4 4000=10000N 由文獻(xiàn)[ 3, 239]附表 17 知: 運(yùn)行速度 60m/min,Q/G=50000/10000=5 工作級(jí)別為中級(jí)時(shí),車(chē)輪直徑取 D=350mm,軌道型號(hào)為 18kg/m, (P18)的許用 輪壓為 ≈ Pmax= 根據(jù) GB462884 規(guī)定,由小車(chē)直徑系列值初選車(chē)輪直徑 DC=315mm 強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算:按車(chē)輪與軌道為線接觸及點(diǎn)接觸兩種情況,驗(yàn)算車(chē)輪接觸強(qiáng)度,車(chē)輪疲勞計(jì)算載荷 NPPP C 2 6 6 6 73 1 0 0 0 03 5 0 0 0232 m i nm a x ?????? 車(chē)輪材料,由文獻(xiàn)[ 1, 64]表 (44),取 C1= : ZG34060, ? S=340Mpa,? b=640Mpa. 由文獻(xiàn)[ 1, 64]式 (412) :線接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度計(jì)算: LDKCCPC 121? (N) (31) C1— 轉(zhuǎn)速系數(shù) m in )/( rDVn ???? ?? C2— 運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)工作級(jí)別系數(shù),由 [1]表 54,由 M5取 C2=1 K1— 與車(chē)輪材料有關(guān)的許用線接觸應(yīng)力常數(shù),由 ? b=640Mpa,由文獻(xiàn)[ 1, 64]表46 取 K1= L— 車(chē)輪與軌道有效接觸長(zhǎng)度 由文獻(xiàn)[ 3, 246]附表 (22),軌道 P43,取 L=b=46mm 39。 4% 因?yàn)? ε =% 所以在范圍之內(nèi) 所以減速器速度誤差驗(yàn)算通過(guò) 由文獻(xiàn)[ 2, 347] 表 (215),知減速器高速軸輸出端直徑 d=50mm L=85mm 據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[ 2, 100] 式( 835) 最大徑向力: ? ?N1 957 024 5601 729 0R2m a xm a x=?。酵???? GSP (218) 式中 :G 筒 — 卷 筒重量,文獻(xiàn)[ 3, 236]表 14,估計(jì)為 G= [ R] — 減 速器輸出軸容評(píng)最大徑向載荷,根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[ 2, 353] 據(jù)減速器型號(hào)為 ZQ— 500— II— 3CA, nd=715r/min 取 [R]=20500 公斤 =20500N 所以: Pmax=19570N[R]=20500N 由文獻(xiàn)[ 2, 100] 式 836: 最大力矩: mazM電 =(~ ) [M] ?額 (219) ? — 電 動(dòng)機(jī)最大力矩倍數(shù), ? =? = 額M — 據(jù)文 獻(xiàn)[ 2, 94] ,電動(dòng)機(jī)額定力矩 )m.(2187151697509750 NnNM ???額 ?— 減 速器傳動(dòng)效率,文獻(xiàn)[ 2, 92] 表 (89),對(duì)圓柱齒輪減速器傳動(dòng) ? = Mmax= 218 =18635() [M]— 減 速器輸出軸允許最大扭矩,據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[ 2] P349,據(jù)減速器型號(hào)為 ZQ— 500—II— 3CA, N=715r/:[ M] =26500 公斤 .米 = 綜上所述,所選減速器能滿足工求。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[ 1, 249] 附表 4,電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)為 YZR315M8 知飛輪矩 [ GD2] = (kg 我國(guó)起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)械行業(yè)今后幾年內(nèi)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),主要是: 1)對(duì)近幾年來(lái)與外國(guó)合作生產(chǎn)的成套設(shè)備實(shí)行國(guó)產(chǎn)化; 2)開(kāi)發(fā) — 批國(guó)家重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門(mén)急需的品種: 3)對(duì)量大面寬的起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)械產(chǎn)品和零部件進(jìn)行系列更新; 4)采用先進(jìn)的設(shè)計(jì)方法和手段,加強(qiáng)對(duì)物流 (物質(zhì)資料由供應(yīng)者向需要者移動(dòng) )系統(tǒng)的研究; 5)推廣產(chǎn)品制造的先進(jìn)工藝。 1958 年到 1965 年,各企業(yè)逐漸由仿造走上了自行設(shè)計(jì)的道路。 關(guān)鍵詞 :起重小車(chē),電動(dòng)機(jī)選擇,減速器,聯(lián)軸器 Abstract The most of structure of conuey uehicle,which of the crane of bridge is this :genertor、cushion、 coupting. Trolley of overhead traveling crane prises lifting and traversing mechanisms .Optimization method is applied to the layout design of mechanisms on trolley in order to maintain an even distribution of optimization design on an example a trolley with given wheel base and track gauge ,using even distribution of wheel loads as an objective funtion and condition of a signle hook lifting trolley as restrictive condition The driving motor an electric cane has to be selected according to the required power、maximum torque 、 dutyfator 、 startup frequency 、 type of control 、 range of speed rariation 、 method of power supply 、 class of protection 、 ambient temperature and elevation oversee level at the vacation of use . Based on theoretical and practical experience , this paper presents the principles and attentions for selecting and designing of the structure ,center distance ,nominal transmission ratio and gear parameters when designing the reducers for cranes . Crane traveling mechanism equipped with hydraulic coupling is quite different from ordinary one so far as the working condition of motor .Driving moment,starting process load applied to reducer etc ,Based upon the experience of application to the series of MH type gantry crane with electric hoist as lifting mechanism ,this paper gives calculation method ,which bines the design of hydraulic transmission with the design of crane traveling mechanism .The calculation result is successfully proved by the test of proto