【正文】 [ K/C(V/C)K=1e(V/C)K] V3dV/2 *(e(a/c)K e(b/c)K) （ 25） 東北電力大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文 10 風(fēng)力機(jī)及其運(yùn)行特性 風(fēng)力機(jī)的運(yùn)行特性主要包括以下 3 部分 [8]： (1)葉尖速比與風(fēng)能利用系數(shù) 根據(jù)風(fēng)力機(jī)的空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)特性，風(fēng)力機(jī)輸出機(jī)械功率可表示為 P m=1/2Cpρ π R 2V3 （ 26） 式中， Cp 為風(fēng)能利用系數(shù)； R 為風(fēng)輪半徑，單位 m，ρ為空氣密度，單位 kg /m3；V 為風(fēng)速，單位 m/s。可見風(fēng)速越高，風(fēng)輪機(jī)可能提取的能量越大。由此帶來的問題一是煤炭消耗量驚人；二是排煙中的硫氧化物、氮氧化物不可避免地對(duì)環(huán)境造成一定程度的污染破壞；三是因冷卻需要，對(duì)地下水的消耗極大，加劇了華北地區(qū)干旱缺水的緊張局面。 課題的目的和意義 目前我國(guó)農(nóng)村地區(qū)電價(jià)相對(duì)較高，且據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)仍有超過 3000 萬農(nóng)村人口缺乏穩(wěn)定電力供應(yīng)，而我國(guó)的大多數(shù)此類農(nóng)村都處于風(fēng)力資源較為豐富地區(qū)。 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)的調(diào)向速裝置主要有尾舵調(diào)向、下風(fēng)向調(diào)向和調(diào)向電機(jī)或伺服電機(jī)調(diào)向。s installed capacity of wind power growth (Uni:10,000 kilowatts) 第 1 章 緒 論 5 小型風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng) 小型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)一般不并網(wǎng)發(fā)電，只能獨(dú)立使用，單臺(tái)裝機(jī)容量約為 100 瓦 — 5 千瓦，通常不超過 10 千瓦。 東北電力大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文 4 圖 中國(guó)風(fēng)資源圖 Chinese wind resource map 中國(guó)陸地 10 米高度層實(shí)際可開發(fā)的風(fēng)能儲(chǔ)量為 億千瓦，風(fēng)能資源豐富的地區(qū)主要集中在北部、西北和東北的草原、戈壁灘以及東部、東南部的沿海地帶和島嶼上。 隨著全球風(fēng)能的快速發(fā)展，風(fēng)能將會(huì)成為 21 世紀(jì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展所需的重要能源 。圖 為世界風(fēng)資源分布圖。由此可見，風(fēng)電正在以超出預(yù)期的發(fā)展速度不斷增長(zhǎng)。同時(shí)，在風(fēng)電機(jī)組葉片設(shè)計(jì)和制造過程中廣泛采用了新技術(shù)和新材料，風(fēng)電控制系統(tǒng)和保護(hù)系統(tǒng)廣泛應(yīng)用電子技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)，有效地提高風(fēng)力發(fā)電總體設(shè)計(jì)能力和水平，而且新材料和新技術(shù)對(duì)于增強(qiáng)風(fēng)電設(shè)備的保護(hù)功能和控制功能也有重大作用。 關(guān)鍵詞：風(fēng)力發(fā)電； Buck 變換器；空比特性曲線；最大功率控制 _ Abstract II Small wind power generation systems design Abstract Since the twentieth century, mankind has entered the rapidly developing economy and increasing demand for energy, nonrenewable resources of the reserves less and less, the energy crisis is worsening. Wind power as a clean, efficient renewable energy more and more attention has been paid, wind energy power technology truly sustainable development. The development situation of wind power generation and its control technologies are basic configuration,working principle of small scale wind power generating system,operation principle of wind turbines,generator and battery etc are discussed in this paper. The architecture of small scale wind power generating systems which is posed of rectifying bridge and buck chopper is put forward by analyzing the existing is avail to implement integrated control of load power tracking and battery charging,moreover it has simple structure and high configuration of small wind power generation systems with simple structure which consists of wind turbine,PMSG,diode rectifying bridge, Buck converter,batteries and controller,it is put forward to realize the power control on the state analysis of wind turbines,load power and the working modes of battery the integrated control systems are modes of the systems are determined by DC voltage and current based measurement,their transfer diagrams are control strategies in the working modes of integrated control systems which consist of maximum power,load power tracking when charging or discharging and running protection are given. Finally, based on wind data and load results of the analysis, design and calculation of a small wind power system, including the calculation of wind turbine capacity, battery matching calculation, inverters and control equipment choices. The system can provide users independent power supply, can be used as a permanent outdoor power monitoring device. Key Words:Wind Power Generation。風(fēng)能作為一種清潔、高效的可再生能源越來越受到人們的重視，風(fēng)力發(fā)電技術(shù)真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了能源的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。Maximum Power Point Tracking目 錄 III 目錄 摘 要 ............................................................................................................................ I Abstract .......................................................................................................................... II 第 1 章 緒 論 ............................................................................................................ 1 風(fēng)力發(fā)電研究的背景和意義 ............................................................................ 1 全球風(fēng)電產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ................................................................................ 1 國(guó)內(nèi)風(fēng)力發(fā)電現(xiàn)狀與展望 ............................................................................... 3 小型風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng) ......................................................................................... 5 課題的目的和意義 ......................................................................................... 6 論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 ...................................................................................... 7 第 2 章 系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)和原理 ............................................................................ 9 風(fēng)能密度及其計(jì)算方法 ................................................................................... 9 風(fēng)力機(jī)及其運(yùn)行特性 ..................................................................................... 10 風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)介紹 ........................................................................................ 12 風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)主要類型 ................................................................................. 13 定槳距失速調(diào)節(jié)型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組 .......................................................... 14 變槳距調(diào)節(jié)型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組 ................................................................. 14 主動(dòng)失速調(diào)節(jié)型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組 ............................................................. 14 變速恒頻風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組 ........................................................................ 14 變速恒頻風(fēng)力發(fā)電技術(shù) ................................................................................. 15 恒速恒頻風(fēng)力發(fā)電技術(shù) ........................................................................ 15 變速恒頻風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng) ........................................................................ 16 本章小結(jié) ............................................................................................................ 19 第 3 章 負(fù)載跟蹤和充放電集成控制 .......................................................................... 20 本文提出的控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) .............................................................................. 20 工作模式及其轉(zhuǎn)換 ........................................................................................ 21 集成控制策略 .............................