【正文】 unique and distinctly important social science. Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor39。 or that there is too much emotional congestion in our lives。t know how to think about health and illness. Our reactions are formed on the terror level. We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst. The result is that we are being a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs （ 自疑有 病者 ), a selfmedicating society incapable of distinguishing between casual, everyday symptoms and those that require professional attention. Somewhere in our early education we bee addicted to the notion that pain means sickness. 72) We fail to learn that pain is the body39。 they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited。s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind39。s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. 74) Galileo39。 for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people — for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says I don39。 it is also frequently partial or partisan. The irony of the historian39。s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. (64) Tylor defined culture as ... that plex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor39。 or that we are being worn down by having to cope daily with overcrowded streets and highways, the pounding noise of garbage grinders, or the cosmic distance between the entrance to the airport and the departure gate, we get the message of pain all wrong. 73) Instead of addressing ourselves to the cause, we bee pushovers for pills, driving the pain underground and inviting it to return with increased authority. 74) Early in life, too, we bee seized with the bizarre idea that we are constantly assaulted by invisible monsters called germs, and that we have to be on constant alert to protect ourselves against their fury. Equal emphasis, however, is not given to the presiding fact that our bodies are superbly equipped to deal with the little demons, and that the best way of forestalling an attack is to maintain a sensible lifestyle. The most significant single statement about health to appear in the medical journals during the past decade is by Dr. Franz Ingelfinger, the late and former editor of the New England Journal of Medicine. Ingelfinger noted that almost all illnesses are selflimiting. That is, the human body is capable of handling them without outside intervention. 75) The thrust of the articl。s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. (64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought ma society. He reasoned that because the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the SapirWhorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages , Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism. 新東方在線 [] 網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列 英譯漢、完型與詞匯分冊 12 第二部分 英譯漢全真模擬試題 （ Passages 110) Passage 1 Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (10 points) 71) The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of a medical school is that the No. 1 health problem in the U. S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don39。 s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly pelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways including the setting up of their own research centers。 interests against one39。新東方在線 [] 網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列 英譯漢、完型與詞匯分冊 1 考研英語英譯漢、完型與詞匯分冊 （說明： word 版頁碼跟教材一樣） 歡迎使用新東方在線電子教材 第一部分 英譯漢全真試題（ 199420xx年） Passage 1 According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. 71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more