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rnational and Global Products ? Local products are offered in a portion of a national market or a single national Market ? International products are offered in multinational, regional markets ? Global products are offered in the global market. They are international and multiregional Product strategies Product mix New product International product life cycle mix ? Product line (產(chǎn)品線 ) ? A group of products that are closely related because they function in a similar manner, are sold to the same customer groups, are marketed through the same types of outlets, or fall within given price ranges. ? Product Mix (product assortment) (產(chǎn)品組合 ): the set of all product lines and items a particular seller offers for sale. 產(chǎn)品線 :又叫產(chǎn)品品類(lèi),指一組相似或相近的產(chǎn)品項(xiàng)目,或叫密切相關(guān)的一組產(chǎn)品 產(chǎn)品項(xiàng)目 :指在同一產(chǎn)品線內(nèi)各種不同品種、規(guī)格、質(zhì)量、形式、顏色和價(jià)格的具體產(chǎn)品 Product mix width depth consistency length Expansion擴(kuò)張 :向上 \向下 \雙向延伸 ,填補(bǔ)產(chǎn)品線空隙 Contraction縮減 優(yōu)點(diǎn) ?風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ? Mordern現(xiàn)代化 :革新產(chǎn)品線中的產(chǎn)品 ?寬度 ?長(zhǎng)度 ?深度 ?關(guān)聯(lián)度 產(chǎn)品組合中所擁有的產(chǎn)品線的數(shù)目 產(chǎn)品線中每一產(chǎn)品項(xiàng)目有多少品種 產(chǎn)品組合中產(chǎn)品項(xiàng)目的總數(shù) 各條產(chǎn)品線在最終用途、生產(chǎn)條件、分銷(xiāo)渠道或者其它方面相互關(guān)聯(lián)的程度。 Competes with MNC Imports Developing Country Markets Remain Viable Target Markets for MNC。 23:08:1223:08:1223:08Sunday, April 16, 2023 1乍見(jiàn)翻疑夢(mèng),相悲各問(wèn)年。 :08:1223:08Apr2316Apr23 1世間成事,不求其絕對(duì)圓滿(mǎn),留一份不足,可得無(wú)限完美。 23:08:1223:08:1223:084/16/2023 11:08:12 PM 1越是沒(méi)有本領(lǐng)的就越加自命不凡。 下午 11時(shí) 8分 12秒 下午 11時(shí) 8分 23:08: MOMODA POWERPOINT Lorem ipsum dolor sit, eleifend nulla ac, fringilla purus. Nulla iaculis tempor felis amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce id urna blanditut cursus. 感謝您的下載觀看 專(zhuān)家告訴 。 23:08:1223:08:1223:08Sunday, April 16, 2023 1知人者智,自知者明。 :08:1223:08:12April 16, 2023 1意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。 2023年 4月 16日星期日 下午 11時(shí) 8分 12秒 23:08: 1比不了得就不比,得不到的就不要。 more leverage影響力 in bargaining with resellers ? Able to charge a premium on product ? Higher credibility much easier product line brand extensions ? More defense against price petition Competitive Advantages of a Brand Brand Positioning Attributes, Benefits, Beliefs values Brand Name Selection Brand Sponsorship Manufacturer’s brand Private brand Licensing Cobranding Brand Development Line extensions Brand extensions Multibrands New brands Decisions Product Category Brand Name Existing Existing New New Multibrands New brands Line extension Brand extension Brand Development (品牌發(fā)展 ) 品牌決策路徑、層次與內(nèi)容 是否應(yīng)為該產(chǎn)品制定一個(gè)品牌 由誰(shuí)來(lái)使用該品牌 每一個(gè)產(chǎn)品應(yīng)采用個(gè)別品牌還是家族品牌 應(yīng)采用何種品牌決策 品牌是否需要再定位 ?用品牌 ?不用品牌 ?制造商品牌 ?私人品牌 ?許可品牌 ?合作品牌 ?個(gè)別品牌名稱(chēng) ?通用的家族品牌名稱(chēng) ?個(gè)別的家族品牌名稱(chēng) ?公司(個(gè)別)品牌名稱(chēng) ?產(chǎn)品線擴(kuò)展 ?品牌延伸 ?多品牌 ?新品牌 ?再定位 ?不需再定位 品牌化決策 品牌使用者決策 品牌名稱(chēng)決策 品牌戰(zhàn)略決策 品牌再定位決策 ? Perceptions about and attitudes toward particular countries often ex