【正文】 uble fault 在出現(xiàn)雙重故障的情況下，操作復(fù)雜 42 Dedicated feeders for very heavy loads 用于特高負(fù)荷的饋線 43 MV electric system (mainly 15 kV 20 kV) 中壓電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng) (主要為 15千伏和 20千伏 ) Paris 巴黎 Dense urban 人口密集城區(qū) ? Double derivation 雙回路結(jié)構(gòu) Inner suburbs 近郊 Urban and outerurban 城區(qū)和近郊 ? Open loop or seldom double derivation 開環(huán)或雙回路結(jié)構(gòu) Distant suburbs 遠(yuǎn)郊 Mostly rural and small towns 大部分為鄉(xiāng)村和小城市 Open loop or overhead 開環(huán)或架空結(jié)構(gòu) 44 A specific design 特殊設(shè)計 Paris work 巴黎電網(wǎng) Part 5 第五部分 Closeup on the supply of the city of Paris 巴黎城市電力供應(yīng)基本信息 46 Surface 城市面積 105 km178。) 每臺容量 100 MVA變壓器 (或 2臺 70 MVA)為 2組每組 4條中壓線路供電 Each MV cluster (with 6 MV feeders each), is connected to 2 transformers of the same 171。 62 The key points of the new design 新設(shè)計的要點 Improvement of the upstream work 改善上游電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu) Installation of gas insulated 225 kV circuit breakers in existing primary substations 在現(xiàn)有的源變電站內(nèi)裝設(shè) 225千伏氣體絕緣斷路器 Two new 225 kV feeders 兩條新的 225千伏饋線 Reinforcement of installed transformation capacity (225 / 20 kV) 現(xiàn)有變電站 (225千伏 /20千伏 )增容 Evolution of the existing structure 現(xiàn)有電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)的演變 Moving from the 171。 63 Thank you for your attention… 謝謝 ！ 演講完畢，謝謝觀看！ 。 structure to a more interconnected structure 從 171。 每組中壓線路 (有 6條中壓饋線 )與同層環(huán)網(wǎng)上的 2臺變壓器相連接 Regarding HV or substation faults, this MV structure presents a N2 capability 在高壓或變電站故障情況下 ， 該中壓結(jié)構(gòu)具備 N2能力 Formerly 過去 Each MV cluster was feeding a LV work, meshed, fully interconnected 每組中壓線路與低壓電網(wǎng)連接 ， 網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu) ， 完全互聯(lián) The reliability was very high, but with load growth, long duration outages became more frequent and it was decided to radialize the LV work 電網(wǎng)可靠性高 ， 但隨著負(fù)荷增長 ， 長時間斷電頻繁 ， 因此決定對低 壓電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)做放射性改造 The radialization was pleted in 1999完成年放射性改造 Today 今天 Each MV cluster feeds a distinct part of the city 每組中壓電纜為城區(qū)某一區(qū)域供電 NATION CORIOLIS Paris MV structure 巴黎中壓電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu) 50 Typical Paris HV/MV substation (2 x 70MVA) 巴黎典型高 /中壓變電站 (2 x 70兆伏安 ) 51 Always 4 clusters between 2 substations 2個變電站之間總是有 4組電纜 Cluster 2電纜組 Cluster 1 電纜組 Cluster 3電纜組 Cluster 4電纜組 變電站 變電站52 A B C D E F G A B C D E F G Zoom on a MV cluster 一組中壓電纜詳圖 A cluster is formed with 6 distribution feeders A, B, C, D, E, F and a spare 171。 layers 187。 du 0 4 07 03 H T : 4 00 kV 40 Traditional open loop structure 傳統(tǒng)的開環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu) HV/MV substation 高 /中壓變電站 HV/MV substation 高 /中壓變電站 MV/LV substation 中 /低壓變電站 Remote controlled switch 遠(yuǎn)程遙控開關(guān) MV/LV substation 中 /低壓變電站 ?Reference structure for urban areas 城區(qū)的參考結(jié)構(gòu) A simple and efficient structure Offers a sufficient level of security in most cases 該結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、高效，可滿足大部分情況下的需求 41 171。) 區(qū)域劃分 171。ledeFrance 法國配電公司巴黎大區(qū) 158 HV/MV substations MW 158個高 /中壓變電站 MW km MV LV RC switches 3000個遠(yuǎn)程遙控開關(guān) 23 Planning – The decision making process 電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃 – 決策流程 The main objective of work planning is to make sure that money is invested at the right place and right time 電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃的主要目的是在正確的時間內(nèi)確保投資用在了正確的地方 If too early : loss of efficiency (you had better invest somewhere else) 投資過早 : 效率不高 (應(yīng)將投資投在別的地方 ) If too late : risk, loss of quality of supply, lack of capacity of work or transformer… 投資太晚 : 風(fēng)險 、 供電質(zhì)量不達(dá)標(biāo) 、 電網(wǎng)或變壓器容量不足 Planning process 決策流程 Load forecast based on external data 根據(jù)外部信息進(jìn)行負(fù)荷預(yù)測 Design of long term grids (at least two options) 遠(yuǎn)景網(wǎng)架設(shè)計 (至少兩個選擇) Selection of the best option based on economical parisons and external context (acceptability) 根據(jù)經(jīng)濟因素比較和外圍環(huán)境因素 (可接受性 )選擇最佳方案 First steps of works 工程開工 24 Main technical objectives 主要技術(shù)目標(biāo) 25 Quality of supply 供電質(zhì)量 Get rid of constraints (DU/U, maximum load) 解決限制性因素 (壓降、最高負(fù)荷 ) Facilitate operation 方便運營 Improve fault management (remote controlled switches) 改善故障管理 (遠(yuǎn)程遙控開關(guān) ) Increase reliability (lower fault numbers) 增加可靠性 (降低事故數(shù)量 ) Reduce technical losses 減少技術(shù)損耗 Asset management 電網(wǎng)資產(chǎn)管理 Replace old ponents (cables…) 更新舊的設(shè)備 (電纜等 ) Don’t depreciate too early (VNC) 避免過早對資產(chǎn)貶值 (賬面價值 ) Allow 171。ledeFrance : regional overview 巴黎大區(qū)配網(wǎng)概述 Distributed Generation 分布式發(fā)電 130 main generators (CHP 熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn) …) 130臺主要發(fā)電機組 500 MW at peak time 發(fā)電峰值可達(dá) 500MW 10,000 small generators (solar) 1萬個 小型發(fā)電 (太陽能 ) 7 Dispatching 調(diào)度中心 Planning – The decision making process 電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃 決策流程 ERDF 206。ledeFrance is the french name for the Paris region, including the urban core and the muting field around it. 171。ledeFrance : regional overview 巴黎大區(qū)配網(wǎng)概述 4 206。ledeFrance : regional overview巴黎大區(qū)配網(wǎng)概述 5 Electric system 巴黎大區(qū)電力系統(tǒng) Paris 巴黎 Dense urban 人口密集的城區(qū) Inner suburbs 近郊區(qū) Urban and outerurban 城郊地區(qū) Distant suburbs 遠(yuǎn)郊區(qū) Mostly rural and small towns New cities 多為鄉(xiāng)村和小城鎮(zhèn) 6 Customers 客戶