【正文】 delivery to the customer M2 Measurement System Analysis ? M2 step covers the followings: ? Statistic fundamentals ? Sampling plan ? Data collection plan ? Variation of measurement system ? Gage RR study ? Improvement of measurement system Without accurate measure, can’ t identify any symptom of problem ? 6 ? Metrics Data Type Statistic measurement data Comparison to specification Zvalue Discrete Data Continuous Data Defect unit opportunity (DPMO) Average, Standard variation, Shape SPEC Zvalue Sigma calculation ? Definition of DPMO terminology ? DPU: Defect per Unit ? (Defect: Anything that results in customer dissatisfaction。 ? Screening DOE, Streamlining, Force Field Analysis ? I2 Formulate Optimum Model。 12:06:3412:06:3412:063/23/2023 12:06:34 PM ? 1以我獨(dú)沈久，愧君相見(jiàn)頻。 下午 12時(shí) 6分 34秒 下午 12時(shí) 6分 12:06: ? 沒(méi)有失敗，只有暫時(shí)停止成功！。 2023年 3月 下午 12時(shí) 6分 :06March 23, 2023 ? 1少年十五二十時(shí)，步行奪得胡馬騎。 :06:3412:06:34March 23, 2023 ? 1意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。 2023年 3月 下午 12時(shí) 6分 :06March 23, 2023 ? 1業(yè)余生活要有意義，不要越軌。 下午 12時(shí) 6分 34秒 下午 12時(shí) 6分 12:06: ? 楊柳散和風(fēng)，青山澹吾慮。 12:06:3412:06:3412:063/23/2023 12:06:34 PM ? 1成功就是日復(fù)一日那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)小小努力的積累。 12:06:3412:06:3412:06Thursday, March 23, 2023 ? 1乍見(jiàn)翻疑夢(mèng)，相悲各問(wèn)年。 ? Operating Window, Responsibility Matrix ? I1 Identify Vital Few ? In analysis step, potential X’ s were identified with a possible prioritization as to their importance in controlling Y. Improve step provides tools to explore and uncover the vital X’ s and how much impact each X has on the response Y. ? One of the major tools used for both exploration and confirmation of the effect of X’ s on the Y’ s is experimental design (DOE). By experimentally manipulating the independent variables, DOE provides an efficient and economical means for reaching valid and relevant conclusions about a process. ? Types of Experimental Design Screening ◎ Full factorial ◎ 2K factorial ◎ Fractional factorial Optimization ◎ Multilevel experiments ◎ Composite design ◎ Response surface method ? I2 Formulate Optimum Model ? The vital few important X’ s were identified and characterized in I1. The tools in I2 follow a methodology for establishing levels of these X’ s that will provide improved performance for the Y. . DMAIC Methodology 5 Stages DMAIC Methodology and Statistical Tools ? Phase: Control ? Steps。 (5)Tail asymptotic to Xaxis； (6) Bell shaped； (7) Mean = Median = Mode (8) Total area under curve = 1 (1) The normal distribution has the following properties. ◎ % of the data fall within ?1? ◎ % of the data fall within ?2? ◎ % of the data fall within ?3? (2) In order to assess the quality of the process, we must pare the process characteristics (via the location, spread and shape) to the specification limits and targeted value. ? Continuous Data(3) ? Standardization of Normal Distribution ? The Sigma of a Process is the number of standard deviation between the mean and the Specification Limits. 1 ? Z = (X?)/? No. of standard deviation USL Sigma of the process Z = ? Measurement System and Measurement Error(1) ? Measurement system is viewing as a process. ? Sources of variation: 5M1E ? Validate possible sources of variation in the measurement process P e r s o n n e lM a c h i n e sM a t e r i a l sM e t h o d sM e a s u r e m e n t sE n v i r o n m e n tC a u s e a n d E f f e c t D i a g r a mVariation in measurement System ? Measurement System and Measurement Error(2) Average m (Total) = m (Product) + m(Measurement) Variability s2 (Total) = s2 (Product) + s2(Measurement) Deflection of measurement system (To be decided by calibration) Variation of measurement system (To be decided by RR assessment) ? Process Variance Observed Process Variation Actual Process Variation Measurement Variation Long term process variation Short term process variation Variation within a sample Variation due to operators Variation due to gage Reproducibility Linearity Stability Repeatability Accuracy ? Gage RR Analysis ? Types of Gage RR Analysis Methodology ◎ X bar R Method ◎ ANOVA Types of Variation estimation by the Gage RR ◎ Equipment Variation: EV ◎ Appraiser (Operator): AV ? GRR Decision and Improvement Direction ? Gage RR Decision Criteria ? %GRR ? 10% (Good measurement system) ? 10% ? %GRR ? 30% (May be used) ? %GRR ? 30% (Can not used) ? Gage improvement direction For repeatability error ? reproducibility error ? (Need to taken an action to operator) For reproducibility error ? repeatability error ? (Need to taken an action to gage) ? M3 Identify Sigma Level ? M3 step covers the followings: ? Data stratification ? Graphical cause elimination ? Understand product capab