實驗動物使用者職業(yè)健康與安全(完整版)
【正文】 als with mucous membranes or broken skin, and, in particular, animal bites. ? Biosafety Level 2 (BSL2) facilities and BSL2 practices are remended for laboratory handling of sera from persons potentially infected with the agents of HPS. 如何在實驗室預防漢他病毒感染 (III) ?Potentially infected tissue samples should be handled in BSL2 facilities ?Cellculture virus propagation should be carried out in BSL3 containment facilities ?Largescale growth of the virus, including preparing and handling viral concentrates, should be performed in BSL4 containment facilities LCMV(淋巴球性腦膜脈絡膜炎病毒 ) ? Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a member of the family Arenaviridae. It is another RNA virus. ? Wild mice, laboratory mice and Syrian hamsters serve as important natural transmitters to several species, including humans. ? The virus is shed in urine, saliva, and milk during chronic, asymptomatic infections. In infected mice, vertical transmission, the direct transmission of the virus from parent to offspring, is considered 100% efficient. ? Two forms of natural LCM infection in mice 1. asymptomatic, viremia with viral shedding. 2. animals appear normal until 710 months of age when an immune plex glomerulonephritis develops. Then the mice bee emaciated, with rough hair coat and hunched posture, and die. 如何在實驗室預防 LCMV病毒感染 ? The IFA and ELISA are the serologic tests most practical for routine screening. Because of the possibility of viremia and inadvertent human exposure to LCMV, an often used safety measure is to heat the serum sample to 56C for 30 minutes prior to testing. After this heat inactivation procedure, an ELISA can be done safely in a routine manner. ? If LCMV infection is detected in a colony, the colony should be destroyed immediately for public health considerations. Cesarean rederivation is not an option because of the potential for in utero transmission. 人員醫(yī)療評估及預防醫(yī)學 What immunizations or screening programs should be included? ?Tetanus (NLAC) ?Rabies? ?Hepatitis B? (AntiHBs) ?Other immunizations? ?TB testing? ?Serum banking? 動物感染實驗使用規(guī)範 Animal biosafety level 1~4 ?一般標準操作程序 – 工作人員設限並遵守生物安全性手冊 – 洗手 – 禁食 – 個人防護設備並且不要穿戴到別的區(qū)域 – 去污及高壓滅菌 – 動物房舍門需往內(nèi)開且能自動關閉 – 蟲害防制 動物感染實驗使用規(guī)範 ?二級以上需求 – 人員接受處理病原訓練 – 進出實驗室需管制 – 受污尖銳物品需特別處理 – 操作過程需有防護櫃 – 動物房外張貼警告標誌 – 人員接種疫苗及收集血清樣品 – 任何程序或政策改變時之額外訓練 – 空氣循環(huán)不能至其他動物房 – 動物房須有去污滅菌鍋 動物感染實驗使用規(guī)範 ?三級以上需求 – 所有操作程序都必須在生物安全櫃或其它防護裝置下執(zhí)行 – 動物籠在清洗前須滅菌處理 – 所有廢棄物丟棄前必須高壓滅菌處理 – 背扣式實驗衣 – 鞋套或消毒池 – 動物籠具有過濾網(wǎng) – 雙門走道或氣室 – 自動式洗手臺或腳控制 – 動物房門自動關閉且密封 – 非再循環(huán)空調(diào)系統(tǒng) 動物感染實驗使用規(guī)範 ?四級以上
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