【正文】 lack of monitoring 13 lack risk management lack necessary checkpoints lack clear requirements bad feasibility evaluation lack costprofit / business case evaluation bad schedule/bad time cost estimation 十、 第 8 章 P166 1. 需要提交的作業(yè) A. 3 The following might be discussed. The concern of a team leader could be locked onto the successful acplishment of the project. There are however anizational concerns to be considered. Several projects, all important, might be running in parallel and using the best staff on one project might be the expense of some other. Other concerns might be for staff development: sometimes risks have to be accepted so that staff can be developed in new roles. Allocating the most capable staff member to the most critical activities all the time might lead, in the longer term, to burnout B. Extra one (a) Draw up an activity work and calculate the earliest finish for the following project: activity duration depends on resource type A 3 days SA B 1 day A SD C 2 days A SD D 4 days A SD E 3 days B SC F 3 days C SC G 6 days D SC H 3 days E,F,G SA SA = Systems analyst。 Machine feedback Completed training Select Service Staff 5 year ine outgoings cashflow discount rate NPV accum. cashflow 0 120200 120200 1 120200 120200 1 42020 10000 32020 88000 2 47000 10000 37000 51000 3 51000 9000 42020 9000 4 40000 12020 28000 19000 19000 ROI NPV payback % 4 四、 1. A building society has a long history of implementing puterbased information systems to support the work of its branches. It uses a proprietary structured systems analysis and design method. It has been decided to create a puter model of the property market. This would attempt for example to calculate the effect of changes of interest rates on house values. There is some concern that the usual methodology used for IS development would not be appropriate for the new project. (a) Why might there be this concern and what alternative approaches should be considered? (b) Outline a plan for the development of the system which illustrates the application of your preferred methodology for this project. a) With traditional business systems analysis there is usually an existing office procedure that managers are hoping to streamline in some way. There are people who understand the details of the jobs currently done. They can help the analyst draw up precise requirements to be met. There is, in short, a welldefined clerical equivalent of the application that is to be built. With a puter model of the property market there is probably no equivalent of this welldefined clerical model. ? The analysts will therefore have to seek ideas about the working of such a model from a variety of sources. Experts, such as experienced estate agents, may be able to contribute observations, but these are likely to be fragmentary rules of thumb. The academic literature on economic modeling might be studied. ? In the end the analysts will probably have to resort to building a prototype of the model. They will then trial this to see if it behaves in a similar way to the property market. ? There is always the chance that the property market behaves in just too plex and inconsistent manner for a puter model to mimic accurately. All this suggests that the ‘traditional’ IS development approach based on a waterfall framework would be unsuitable. A more iterative prototyping approach is sensible. b) Expanding on the discussion in 1(a), the following is one method of working: ? Define objectives: what does the management of the anization want from the model? ? Survey existing software solutions and the literature on the subject. Has anyone done this already? 6 ? Consult experts. JAD (joint application development) sessions are mentioned in text as one possible approach. There are many other techniques to elicit relevant knowledge from domain experts which should be considered. ? Based on the above draw up an initial prototype design ? Build prototype ? Test it, probably using real data from the recent past。 B. Draw up a statement of the objectives for this project。 ? Date(s) for the course will need to be arranged。 ? Ambiguity in the assignment speficifcation leadintg to misunderstandings。2020, that is 163。不需要作圖 ? Shortest critical activities ? Other critical activities ? Shortest noncritical activities ? Noncritical activities with least float ? Noncritical activities 在沒有其它約束情況下，最佳方案：優(yōu)先保證 D，其次 B，最后 C 緩沖期為 2 B 13 27981 0F 33 01 01 01 31 3E 35 281 01 11 3G 66 0771 31 3H 33 01 31 31 61 6D 44 03377C 22 0881 01 0結(jié) 束開 始A 33 00033 01231 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16系列1系列2系列3 其它方案：優(yōu)先保證 D，其次 C，最后 B 緩沖期減少為 1 17 B 11 0991 01 0F 34 191 01 21 3E 33 01 01 01 31 3G 66 0771 31 3H 33 01 31 31 61 6D 44 03377C 23 17891 0結(jié) 束開 始A 33 00033 十二、 A project involves the design and building of four software modules, called W,X, Y and Z respectively. The estimated effort for each of the modules is 60 days for A, 30 for B, 40 for C and 45 for D. The anization that is undertaking the work assumes for the purpose of earned value analysis (EVA) that design takes up 30% of the effort, coding 40% and testing 30%. On the day that this EVA is conducted, the project should have been pleted in full. In fact the situation is as follows: Module estimated effort design (actual hrs) code (actual hrs) test (actual hrs) A 60 25 40 not pleted B 30 15 15 15 C 40 15 not pleted not pleted D 45 10 not pleted not pleted Where