【正文】 所不設(shè)置專(zhuān)用的岔線，所以采用固定式備用變壓器。動(dòng)力變壓器一般是給本所以外的非牽引負(fù)荷供電，電壓等級(jí)一般為 ，容量從幾百至幾千 KVA 不等。單母線分段后可進(jìn)行輪換檢修，既具有單母線接線簡(jiǎn)單明顯，經(jīng)濟(jì)方便的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，又在一定程度上提高了供電可靠性。牽引變電所電氣主接線采用不同形式的母線即構(gòu)成不同的接線形式。每個(gè)牽引變電所單獨(dú)完成所轄區(qū)域供電臂供電任務(wù)的供電方式即為集中供電方式，石家莊鐵道學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)6通常設(shè)置兩臺(tái)變壓器；而分散供電方式就是每個(gè)牽引變電所除了正常完成所轄供電臂的供電任務(wù)外，尚能在事故或檢修的情況下承擔(dān)相鄰變電所所轄供電臂的供電任務(wù)，即越區(qū)供電，可設(shè)置一臺(tái)變壓器。這種牽引變電所中裝設(shè)兩臺(tái)三相 YN，d11接線牽引變壓器，可并聯(lián)運(yùn)行，也可以一臺(tái)運(yùn)行，另一臺(tái)固定備用。它的主要任務(wù)是將電力系統(tǒng)輸送的三相高壓電變換成適合電力機(jī)車(chē)使用的電能。牽引供電系統(tǒng)一般由國(guó)家電力系統(tǒng)或發(fā)電廠用專(zhuān)門(mén)的高壓輸電線路供電。該牽引變電所為上、下行復(fù)線區(qū)段單邊供電，且采用直供加回流供電方式，主要內(nèi)容有：(1)牽引變電所的主接線形式本次設(shè)計(jì)的牽引變電所為高壓側(cè)采用橋式接線的三相牽引變電所，裝設(shè)兩臺(tái)同型號(hào)同容量的三相兩繞組牽引變壓器，且采用兩回路供電。而且電力機(jī)車(chē)不需添加燃料，速度快，宜跑長(zhǎng)途，從而減少了檢修基地、機(jī)器設(shè)備和人員；同時(shí)，電力機(jī)車(chē)功率大，拉得多，跑得快，周轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間短，減少了機(jī)車(chē)運(yùn)用臺(tái)數(shù)；電力機(jī)車(chē)的電機(jī)和電器等運(yùn)行可靠，檢修周期長(zhǎng)、次數(shù)少等，這些都能促使運(yùn)輸成本大大降低。屆時(shí)，我國(guó)的電氣化鐵路里程將躍居世界第二位。電氣化鐵路的牽引供電系統(tǒng)本身并不產(chǎn)生電能，而是將電力系統(tǒng)的電能傳遞給電力機(jī)車(chē)的。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，電力機(jī)車(chē)也必將全部取代蒸汽機(jī)車(chē)和內(nèi)燃機(jī)車(chē)，因此對(duì)牽引供電系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)也必然要求越來(lái)越科學(xué)和合理。 電氣化鐵路的優(yōu)越性電氣化鐵路的優(yōu)越性主要體現(xiàn)在：(1)拉得多，跑得快，運(yùn)輸能力大，可滿(mǎn)足重載、高速、大運(yùn)量的鐵路干線和大陡坡、長(zhǎng)隧道的山區(qū)鐵路運(yùn)輸?shù)男枰?4)對(duì)環(huán)境無(wú)污染，勞動(dòng)條件好，有利于實(shí)現(xiàn)凈化運(yùn)輸。石家莊鐵道學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)3牽引負(fù)荷側(cè)主接線采用隔離開(kāi)關(guān)分段的單母線接線方式，其饋線采用饋線斷路器 100%備用的接線方式。電力系統(tǒng)有許多種電等級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和設(shè)備，其中 110kV 及以上電壓等級(jí)的輸電線路，用區(qū)域變電所中的變壓器聯(lián)系起來(lái)，主要用于輸送強(qiáng)大電力，利用它們向電氣化鐵路的牽引變電所輸送電力，供電牽引用電。牽引變電所的任務(wù)是將電力系統(tǒng)三相電壓降低，同時(shí)以單相方式饋出。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是牽引變電所低壓側(cè)保持三相，有利于供應(yīng)牽引變電所自用電和地區(qū)三相電力。本次設(shè)計(jì)采用集中供電方式，要求變電所有兩回路進(jìn)線，且該兩回路進(jìn)線應(yīng)來(lái)自不同的電源點(diǎn)。從供電系統(tǒng)長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行實(shí)踐中，主接線是根據(jù)變電所的容量規(guī)模、性能要求、電源條件及配電出線的要求確定的，其基本主接線形式有：?jiǎn)文妇€分段接線、帶旁路母線的單母線分段接線、雙母線接線、橋式接線、雙 T 式接線。而饋線斷路器的 100%備用雖操作轉(zhuǎn)換較方便，但投資較大。自耦變壓器(AT) 是 AT 供電的專(zhuān)用變壓器，自身阻抗很小，一般沿牽引網(wǎng)每 10～20kM 設(shè)一臺(tái)，用以降低線路阻抗，提高網(wǎng)壓水平及減少通信干擾。 牽引變電所向接觸網(wǎng)的供電方式對(duì)于單線區(qū)段，牽引變電所向接觸網(wǎng)供電的方式有單邊供電和兩邊供電；對(duì)于雙線區(qū)段，牽引變電所向接觸網(wǎng)供電的方式有同相一邊并聯(lián)供電、同相一邊分開(kāi)供電和雙邊紐結(jié)供電。而對(duì)于運(yùn)輸繁忙的干線、高速重載區(qū)段或沿鐵路電力系統(tǒng)電源點(diǎn)較少的區(qū)段，可采用自耦變壓器供電方式。??日對(duì)凈 / ??????G石家莊鐵道學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)11 供電臂的參數(shù)確定在進(jìn)行饋線電流的計(jì)算以前，先要確定各個(gè)供電臂的基本參數(shù)。計(jì)算pIxI和 的計(jì)算方法，目前多采用平均行車(chē)量法和概率計(jì)算法。牽引變壓器是牽引供電系統(tǒng)的重要設(shè)備，其容量大小將關(guān)系到能否完成預(yù)定的運(yùn)輸任務(wù)和運(yùn)營(yíng)成本。t tK 牽引變壓器的校核容量牽引變壓器的最大容量是為了滿(mǎn)足列車(chē)緊密運(yùn)行的需要，而校核容量是在此基礎(chǔ)上保證牽引變壓器在充分利用過(guò)負(fù)荷能力的情況下能安全運(yùn)行。對(duì)應(yīng)于 ，重負(fù)荷供電臂 B 的列車(chē)用電平均概率有：非 (52)????nTtgp上非上 (53).9tN下非下按雙線有上行車(chē)或下行車(chē)的概率為： =+ = (54)下上下上 PP????由 P 查 曲線得， = =(A)。這種牽引變電所的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：①牽引變壓器容量利用率可達(dá)到 100%；②在正常運(yùn)行時(shí)，牽引側(cè)保持三相，所以可供應(yīng)牽引變電所自用電和地區(qū)三相負(fù)載；③主接線較簡(jiǎn)單，設(shè)備較少，投資較??；④對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)的負(fù)序影響比單相結(jié)線??；⑤對(duì)接觸網(wǎng)的供電可實(shí)現(xiàn)兩邊供電。當(dāng) 時(shí)，eI 3IIba?由式(61)第一式可知， 等于繞組 bc 或 ac 電流的 ，即 倍。為了考慮這一負(fù)載能力，通常引入一個(gè)溫度系數(shù) 。其缺點(diǎn)主要是：①牽引變壓器容量不能得到充分利用；②與采用單相接線牽引變壓器的牽引變電所相比，主結(jié)線要復(fù)雜一些，用的設(shè)備、工程投資也較多，維護(hù)、檢修工作量及相應(yīng)的費(fèi)用也有所增加。在 M 座和 T 座兩供電臂負(fù)荷電流大小相等、功率因數(shù)也相等的條件下，斯科特結(jié)線牽引變壓器原邊三相電流大小相等、相位互差 ，即原邊三相電流對(duì)稱(chēng)。采用 YN， 結(jié)線阻抗匹配平衡變壓器的牽引變電所中，裝設(shè)兩臺(tái) YN， 結(jié)線阻抗匹配平衡變壓器，可以?xún)膳_(tái)并聯(lián)運(yùn)行；也可以一臺(tái)運(yùn)行，另一臺(tái)固定備用。其缺點(diǎn)是：設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及制造工藝復(fù)雜，造價(jià)較高。?由變壓器允許過(guò)負(fù)荷 50%可得，固定全備用方式下，=31500 =47250KVAmaxbS?與由計(jì)算得到的 =38180KVA 相比略大一些，故所選安裝容量是合適的。(3)通過(guò)負(fù)荷計(jì)算對(duì)牽引變壓器進(jìn)行了合適的選型，牽引變壓器采用 SFS731500/110 型號(hào)。隨著我國(guó)電力技術(shù)的發(fā)展，牽引供電系統(tǒng)也不斷更新，如我國(guó)磁懸浮鐵路的修建就是一個(gè)很好的例子。在此，對(duì)他們的合作和幫助表示感謝！付出總會(huì)有回報(bào)，這幾個(gè)月的認(rèn)真設(shè)計(jì)，再加上崔老師的精心輔導(dǎo)，我們邁過(guò)了艱難的每一步，按時(shí)地完成了畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，基本達(dá)到了預(yù)期的目標(biāo)。 (8)Leading electricity circuit fluid.(二) Great Way to The FlagElevated primarily contain work of contacts flags, support devices, positioning devices and pillar base four major ponents. First three quarters of charged, and pillar (or other structures) grounded in insulate between separated.Contact FlagsNormally, the power demand for access by hoisting, hanging string, the line of contact and pensation devices, chainshaped flags. Compensation devices is the role of temperature change in the environment, so that the line of contact, the demand for power to maintain constant tension. Loadbearing demand and contact line anchors way of pensation devices are used throughout the pensation is only half the line of contact that a pensation. Pillar department hanging string simple string hanging string or flexible working for the simple chainchainflags flying or flexibility.My Link electrified railway line is currently mostly used simple chainwide pensation hoisted station lines are much more simple chainhalf pensation flags. Only the flags that line of contact simple flags, pensation methods generally used only in the maintenance of the line, factories and mines only lanes and a few occasions used.Contact flags along the way up, in order to meet the mechanical power requirements into a single anchor, the anchor of the anchors of mutual transitional structures called anchors of the joints, usually with insulation (four cross) anchors of the joints and noninsulation (3 across) anchors of the joints of hours, the former also known as electricity sub anchors of the joints, which is machinery sub anchors of the joints. Anchors, and electrical connections between the anchors of electricity connected lines (3 across) or isolation switches (four cross) pleted.Support DevicesSupport devices to support access to the hoisting and load pillars or other buildings, its structure with lines circumstances change. Interval mainly wrist arm structure。 Tunnels and bridges (for the bridge) and other large office buildings, as the case may be for the design and, if necessary, use special structures.Positioning DevicesPositioning devices including locator and positioning control, whose role is to guarantee the line of contact with the relative position of the bow within the specified scope and the level of tension to the line of contact pillars.The Foundation PillarsContact flags and support pillars to bear the load devices, and provides access to the high flying fixed. Reinforced concrete pillars are hollow and pillar two. The use of reinforced concrete poured into the legislative basis, the foundation laid in roadbed。 The contact work built along the railway work over the bridge, and the power of lootives or bow can be obtained the energy from it to drive the train. Traction substations location of the contact work has hours of insulation, and between the two neighboring traction substations has district booths, corresponding to a subwork of the insulation. The contact work between traction substations and district booths (including feedback wires) that electricity arm.Traction power supply circuit is the lead substati