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reliable service by ensuring failsafe execution of user mands.The server’s internal organization has been conceived to enhance modularity, extensibility, ponent reuse, and performance. In Figure 3 and Figure 4, we can identify three macro ponents of the server internal architecture:1. the Field Interface Management (FIM)。? integration with existing enterprise processes, systems and equipments。市場分析當(dāng)前未解決的突出問題,影響人機(jī)界面的市場,因而,針對下一代的人機(jī)界面的功能和要求設(shè)置提出解決方案。他們往往依賴于網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)為他們開啟可用性和可移植性,但他們不應(yīng)用任何努力去增加功能和服務(wù)。一些早期的作品存在,描述了Web環(huán)境技術(shù)如何應(yīng)用到工業(yè)人機(jī)界面[7]概述了一些可能的辦法如何使用XML和Java去定義和配置接口。 客戶端實現(xiàn)為客戶端執(zhí)行計劃由于MyHMI項目目標(biāo)環(huán)境的限制已經(jīng)受到嚴(yán)重影響。外部程序(在客戶端腳本語言編寫)是獨立于瀏覽器的圖形引擎和利用了MVC的組織。 圖5 客戶端服務(wù)器分布式系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)更新過程圖5將一個字段變量的值更新系統(tǒng)化一個簡化為“生命周期”。這限制妨礙了最優(yōu)化的相互作用,因為客戶不能跟新的事件(新變量值的服務(wù)器通知,指示,報警器),但需要定期調(diào)用服務(wù)器以檢索更新的信息。與外地的互動是通過一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的OPC客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器模塊,從而增加了另一種級別抽象(和模塊)的系統(tǒng)。該服務(wù)器管理有四種類型的客戶端請求:初始化請求,新的一頁請求,數(shù)據(jù)刷新請求和事件觸發(fā)處理。 對狀態(tài)能被單入口點檢測的小系統(tǒng)來說,這個方案是可以接受的。(例如,用戶界面,報警配置,等等)2. 在代碼中嵌入的規(guī)則:這個解決方案包括在配置時產(chǎn)生和編譯一個具有特定個性化和適應(yīng)規(guī) 則針對開發(fā)項目的源代碼??蛻舳颂峤徽埱蠛螅脩艋?,經(jīng)其內(nèi)部時鐘產(chǎn)生超時。我們通過了一個豐富的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口模式擴(kuò)大了傳統(tǒng)客戶端組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu),從而避免了服務(wù)器計算的一些客戶端。外觀該接口利用設(shè)備無關(guān)的移交技術(shù)(即XHTML,SVG,閃光)。表1 功能需求功能需求動態(tài)組態(tài)該組織和人機(jī)界面的外觀應(yīng)該不難,有線,除了動態(tài)配置的條款數(shù)量和類型的控制變量,頁面布局,顯示的數(shù)據(jù),等等用戶登錄名和訪問控制用戶應(yīng)該統(tǒng)一地確定,基于一個成功可靠的認(rèn)證。這種方式的帶寬需求超過一個典型的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接能力。事實上,人機(jī)界面公司似乎鐘愛完整性能和良好的進(jìn)入工業(yè)通信標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即使是這些因素可能與現(xiàn)代的基于Web的架構(gòu)的創(chuàng)新解決方案不兼容。然而,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的成功已經(jīng)開始影響工業(yè)人機(jī)界面的世界了。目 錄一、外文文獻(xiàn)譯文 3二、外文文獻(xiàn)原文 15一、外文文獻(xiàn)譯文應(yīng)用基于web的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議和軟件架構(gòu),可以為工業(yè)提供具有適應(yīng)性,個性化和移動性特點的人機(jī)界面Alessandro Bozzon, Marco Brambilla, Piero Fraternali, Paolo Speroni, and Giovanni Toffetti米蘭理工大學(xué),電子與信息系,意大利{bozzon, mbrambil, fraterna, , toffetti} 摘 要本文提供了一個創(chuàng)新的結(jié)合使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和軟件實施技術(shù)的工業(yè)設(shè)計人機(jī)界面(人機(jī)界面)系統(tǒng)。工業(yè)用戶也開始熟悉的Web界面,圖形質(zhì)量,多媒體內(nèi)容和功能,如流動性,適應(yīng)性的特點和個性化的應(yīng)用。即使是人機(jī)界面的研發(fā)人員似乎提供最創(chuàng)新的內(nèi)容(并聲稱其產(chǎn)品具有網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能的),卻仍然在傳統(tǒng)架構(gòu)的框架下,通常只利用單一的應(yīng)用。Progea [16]提出通過遠(yuǎn)程功能和基于Web的體系結(jié)構(gòu)提供更加創(chuàng)新的解決方案。獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入該系統(tǒng)個性化用戶應(yīng)該可以自定義的接口的圖形性能,并將其參數(shù)保存在一個配置文件里??蓴U(kuò)展超文本標(biāo)記語言性能頁面數(shù)據(jù)的刷新性能可媲美脫機(jī)的人機(jī)界面系統(tǒng)(每秒刷新10個數(shù)據(jù))。業(yè)務(wù)層仍然位于服務(wù)器端,包含了控制政策,而顯示層實現(xiàn)在客戶端。請求提交懸而未決服務(wù)器,直到一對控制系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)更新情況。其結(jié)果是在一個二進(jìn)制代碼中嵌入所有規(guī)則就能執(zhí)行得非??欤?因為不需要存取文件或規(guī)則庫。一個替換物通過服務(wù)器或者代理伺服器訪問受控制的系統(tǒng):每個客戶端總是調(diào)用相同的服務(wù)器,但是多個服務(wù)器可以定位在設(shè)備上來訪問受控制系統(tǒng)的不同部分。初始化和新的一頁請求可能需要計算服務(wù)器端個性化的規(guī)則,他的處理是通過基于身份請求終端和用戶身份服務(wù)器提出請求的;頁面數(shù)據(jù)刷新請求只涉及到客戶機(jī)的運送原始數(shù)據(jù)和提供服務(wù)快如圖2所示,服務(wù)器分為兩大類成分邊界:一方是控制系統(tǒng),由不同的設(shè)備組成,雙方溝通通過工業(yè)(如Modbus總線,現(xiàn)場總線等...)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議(如TCP / IP協(xié)議)和從原受控環(huán)境輸送數(shù)據(jù)。 圖3 MYHMI體系中的服務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu):外界面版管理,控制界面管理控制界面管理處理所有相關(guān)的用戶命令管理,內(nèi)容個性化功能,以及適應(yīng)性?,F(xiàn)代的Web應(yīng)用程序開始發(fā)掘了雙向溝通機(jī)制和推動技術(shù)的杠桿作用,提高Web服務(wù)器的積極性。當(dāng)客戶端執(zhí)行其輪換查詢程序之后,UIM首先從以前的客戶端的請求檢查,然后告知CIM在緩沖區(qū)的新值。該模型包含業(yè)務(wù)對象的接口(例如,數(shù)據(jù)變量,趨勢監(jiān)視器)而在視圖包括工具和介紹物業(yè)的移交技術(shù)管理則是通過移交技術(shù)(例如,小工具,用來顯示數(shù)據(jù)的變量,一種趨勢,或輸入控制)。 因此要為服務(wù)器端實現(xiàn)作出的選擇,我們選擇利用本地瀏覽器的Windows CE和為了視覺呈現(xiàn)擴(kuò)展插件。然而,我們的經(jīng)驗得出了,如果使用了嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)的低功率設(shè)備,應(yīng)用該普通技術(shù)性能方面可以改善。最后,另一個類別工程,類似[13],提供根據(jù)實際應(yīng)用環(huán)境提出基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的解決方案的經(jīng)驗報告,但不能將其結(jié)果推廣一般架構(gòu)去處理所有人機(jī)界面問題。我們工作的結(jié)果包括在一個高度可配置的架構(gòu),它靈活性,普及和專用化可以被視為一個可依托的人機(jī)界面解決方案,今后的工作將包括一些結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化和先進(jìn)的功能(短信,遠(yuǎn)程登錄,性能測試等)。? openness to new standard and best practises in the field, by offering low cost modularity and extensibility.SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) systems recently introduced someinteresting innovations but, as the acronym suggests, their target is focused on products that implement a wide range of highlevel functionalities and that can be deployed in a large set of contexts. They are typically deployed on highprofile devices (PCs and powerful embedded systems) and represent a niche in the HMI the other market’s sectors, innovation has been led by main vendors (., Siemens), who have been working for the past few years in raising the level of the features provided by traditional HMI applications. SmrtAccess [15], for example, is a technology developed that allows distributing the control of an industrial plant over a maximum of three stations. Its functioning, though, is based on simply broadcasting the displayed interface of the apparatus that is directly connected with the plant to the others clients. The bandwidth requirements of this approach exceed the capability of a typical Internet connection. Progea [16] proposes a more innovative solution by offering remotization features and a Webbased architecture. Running the Progea server application on a Windows XP based PC, it is possible to remotely control a plant from an internet connected standard Web browser that has the support of a JVM (Java Virtual Machine). Even if powerful, this approach lacks in offering a portable solution since different implementations have been provided for different platforms.3. Requirements for novel HMI solutionsDynamicconfigurationThe organization and appearance of the HMI should not be hardwired, but dynamically configurable in terms of number and type of the controlled variables, layout of the pages, displayed data, and so forthUser login andaccess controlUsers should be identified univocally, and granted access to the system based on a successful authenticationPersonalizationThe user should be able to customize the graphic properties of the interface, and save his preferences in a profile.InterfaceadaptationThe user interface should adapt itself to fit the screen of heterogeneous devices by means of declarative rules.AlarmsManagement policiesThe system should provide mechanismsfor the notification of the alarms to the user, according to specific policies.FunctionalrestrictionThe producer of the HMI system should be able to disable selected functions on specific terminals, for tuning the features on the product mercial value.ReportingReports from log data should be produced in different formats, to allow remote visualization, dispatching and printing.The market of industrial HMI is seeing a slow but steady evolution towards the integration of industrial automation terminals with software and hardware architectures typical of office and Webbased applications, to achieve greater usability and flexibility of the interface and easier interoperability between industrial automation solutions and enterprise information systems. This goal requires unbundling the functions a