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100t315m八梁橋式鑄造起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)(完整版)

  

【正文】 常情況下,剛體在相關(guān)平面內(nèi)能實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的自由運(yùn)動(dòng),這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)同時(shí)包括轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)和平移。非常感謝百忙中抽空指導(dǎo)評(píng)審本設(shè)計(jì)的評(píng)閱老師和答辯委員會(huì)的老師英語(yǔ)翻譯Kinematics and dynamics of machineryOne principle aim of kinematics is to creat the designed motions of the subject mechanical parts and then mathematically pute the positions, velocitics ,and accelerations .which those motions will creat on the parts. Since .for most earthbound mechanical systems , the massremain sessentially constant with time, defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces: as a finction of time. In turn will be a function of both applied and incrials forces . Since engineering design is charged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected scrvice life, the goal is to keep stresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. This obvisely requies that all systcm forces bc defined and kept within desired limits. In mechinery , the largest forces encountered are often those due to the dynamies of the machine itself. These dynamic forces are proportional to acceletation, which brings us back to kinematics ,the foundation of mechanical design Very basic and early decisions in the design process involving kinematics willprove troublesome and perform badly.Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freedom which it possesses, the systems DOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed to uniquely define its posion in space at any instant of time.Complex motion a simulaneous bination of rotion and translationm . any reference line drawn on the body will change both its linear pisition and its angular orientation. Points on the body will travel nonparallel paths ,and there will be . at every instant , a center of rotation ,which will continuously change location.A link is an (assumed)rigid body which possesses at least two or more links(at their nodes),which connection allows some motion, or potential motion, between the connected links.One of the primary considerations in designing any machine or strucre is that the strength must be sufficiently greater than the stress to assure both safety and reliability. To assure that mechanical parts do not fail in service ,it is necessary to learn why they sometimes do fail. Then we shall be able to relate the stresses with the strenths to achieve safety .Ideally, in designing any machine element, the engineer should have at his disposal should have been made on speciments having the same heat treatment surface roughness .and size as the element he prosses to design 。參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 《起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》[S] .北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1980. [2] 陳道南,[M] .北京:冶金工業(yè)出版社,1993.[3] [M] .太原科技大學(xué)內(nèi)部資料,2008[4] 嚴(yán)大考,[M] .鄭州:鄭州大學(xué)出版社,2003[5] 起重機(jī)械[M] . 太原科技大學(xué)內(nèi)部資料,2008[6] 倪慶興,(上冊(cè))[M] . 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1992[7] (上冊(cè))[M] .第4版, 北京:高等教育出版社,2004[8] [M].第五版, 北京:高等教育出版社,2003[9] [M] .北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2007[10] [M].第4版, 北京:高等教育出版社,2006[11] 濮良貴, [M].第八版,北京:高等教育出版社,2006[12] [M].第七版, 哈爾濱:哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,2007[13] 李發(fā)海,[M].第三版, 北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,2005[14] (2006中文版)[M]. 哈爾濱:哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,2007[15] [M].第2版, 北京;機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1999[16] [M] .北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1978致謝畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是我們大學(xué)生活中很重要的一個(gè)課題,本次設(shè)計(jì)是在楊瑞剛老師的悉心指導(dǎo)和幫助下完成的。首先,此次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)次設(shè)計(jì)是我們大學(xué)四年來(lái)進(jìn)行的最綜合、最大型、最全面且用時(shí)最長(zhǎng)的一次設(shè)計(jì),它幾乎匯聚了我們大學(xué)期間所學(xué)科目的所有知識(shí)點(diǎn),是把大學(xué)四年來(lái)的理論知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)、總結(jié)并應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐當(dāng)中,是對(duì)大學(xué)所學(xué)課的一次大總結(jié),讓我們對(duì)起重機(jī)械有了更深入的了解,從整體結(jié)構(gòu)到各個(gè)部件都有了一個(gè)全面的認(rèn)識(shí),進(jìn)而使所學(xué)知識(shí)得到鞏固與提高。 主端梁強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算點(diǎn) 疲勞強(qiáng)度校核 主端梁疲勞強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算點(diǎn)圖中2點(diǎn)受拉,3點(diǎn)受壓,且兩點(diǎn)應(yīng)力大小相同。由于水平慣性載荷產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)力很小,為了計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)明而忽略慣性應(yīng)力求截面E的最大彎矩和最小彎矩,滿載小車位于跨中E點(diǎn),則 空載小車位于右側(cè)跨端時(shí),見(jiàn)圖(31),左端支反力為1.驗(yàn)算主腹板受拉翼緣焊縫④的疲勞強(qiáng)度,見(jiàn)圖(25) 應(yīng)力循環(huán)特性 根據(jù)工作級(jí)別A8,應(yīng)力集中等級(jí)及材料Q235,查得,焊縫拉伸疲勞許用應(yīng)力為 合格2.驗(yàn)算橫隔板下端焊縫與主腹板連接處⑤的疲勞強(qiáng)度應(yīng)力循環(huán)特性 顯然,相同工況下的應(yīng)力循環(huán)特性是一致的。 跨中截面危險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)圖時(shí),;另鋼,;;;而由前所述, 1點(diǎn)疲勞強(qiáng)度合格2點(diǎn):查規(guī)范知,受拉區(qū)由于無(wú)擠壓應(yīng)力,故;2點(diǎn)疲勞強(qiáng)度合格 剛度校核 靜剛度垂直方向: ; 合格水平方向: ;主主梁靜剛度合格式中:() 動(dòng)剛度主主梁動(dòng)剛度合格式中:; ;其中:查文獻(xiàn)表1210知式中鋼絲繩分支數(shù);鋼絲繩斷面直徑;鋼絲繩縱向彈性模量;;; 穩(wěn)定性校核 整體穩(wěn)定性校核:由于,故整體穩(wěn)定性已保證。 橋架簡(jiǎn)化圖:.彎矩畫在受拉一側(cè) 扭矩方向用右手定則判定,與其所在平面的法線方向一致的扭矩畫在框架內(nèi)側(cè),反之,則畫在外側(cè)。吊具質(zhì)量 起升載荷 小車重量 因主小車噸位較大,采用臺(tái)車形式八個(gè)車輪,可求實(shí)際主小車滿載時(shí)的靜輪壓一根主主梁上空載小車輪壓 3.慣性載荷一根主主梁上小車慣性力主小車上主動(dòng)輪占一半,按主動(dòng)車輪打滑條件確定主小車的慣性力 大車起、制動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的慣性力4. 偏斜運(yùn)行側(cè)向力一根主主梁的重量為 一根端梁?jiǎn)挝婚L(zhǎng)度重量一組大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)重量 司機(jī)室及其電氣設(shè)備的重量 主主梁側(cè)假想端梁重 (1)滿載小車在主主梁跨中左側(cè)端梁總靜輪壓由下圖(12)計(jì)算由 查圖38得,側(cè)向力為 滿載小車在主主梁左端極限位置左側(cè)端梁總靜輪壓為 側(cè)向力 5. 扭轉(zhuǎn)載荷偏軌箱型梁由和的偏心作用而產(chǎn)生移動(dòng)扭轉(zhuǎn),其它載荷,產(chǎn)生的扭矩較小且作用方向相反,故不計(jì)算。,認(rèn)為主、副端梁同時(shí)受彎,且彎矩按慣性矩正比例分配。凈截面面積A=A1+A2+A3+A4+A5 =70320+63024+37100+36000+6300 =212744mm2 毛截面面積A0=30242513=7599321mm2計(jì)算慣性矩 對(duì)形心軸的慣性矩 對(duì)形心軸y的慣性矩 (2) 主主梁跨端截面性質(zhì)將主主梁跨端截面分成五部分,分別為Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ部分如圖矩形Ⅰ:A1=(293024)mm=70320mm2 =1465mm = 1488mm 矩形Ⅱ:A2=(262624)mm=63024mm2 = 1617mm = 12mm矩形Ⅲ:A3=(110214)mm=15428mm2 = 361mm =575mm矩形Ⅳ:A4=(145212)mm=17424mm2 =2874mm =750mm矩形Ⅴ:A5=(35018)mm=6300mm2 =359mm =1301mm凈截面面積毛截面面積建立圖示的坐標(biāo)系,計(jì)算形心位置 形心位置為(1524,786) 計(jì)算慣性矩,對(duì)形心軸X的慣性矩 初選梁高, 取腹板高度h0=2100, 上下翼緣板厚度,腹板厚度:主腹板,副腹板副主梁總高副主梁寬度取腹板內(nèi)側(cè)間距主腹板一側(cè)上翼緣板處伸長(zhǎng)度取處伸長(zhǎng)度,其余尺寸如下圖所示 副主梁跨中截面 確定其高度 取腹板高度為1100mm 副主梁跨端截尺寸面 副主梁截面性質(zhì)跨中 建立圖示的直角坐標(biāo)系,求形心位置 凈截面面積 A=(1748+1578)16+(10+8)2100=91016mm2毛截面面積 A0=2116=3193044mm2矩形Ⅰ:A1=174816=27968mm2 =874mm =2124mm 矩形Ⅱ:=157816=25248mm2 =957mm =8mm 矩形Ⅲ: =210010=21000mm2 =205mm =1066mm矩形Ⅳ: =21008=16800mm2 =1714mm =1066mm建立圖示的坐標(biāo)系,計(jì)算形心位置 形心坐標(biāo)為(898,1098)計(jì)算彎心位置A 彎心距主腹板厚的中線的距離為e=671mm計(jì)算慣性矩對(duì)形心軸X的慣性矩:對(duì)形心軸Y的慣性矩 按圖示的坐標(biāo)系,求截面形心位置 凈截面面積:A=(1748+1578)16+(10+8)1100=73016mm2 毛截面面積:
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