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100萬噸焦化硫銨工段設(shè)計畢業(yè)設(shè)計(完整版)

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【正文】 roduction process, using the spray saturator, made ??of stainless steel, long life equipment, set pickling absorption, crystallization, acid, evaporation as a whole, with the gas system resistance, crystalline particles large (average diameter ), ammonium sulfate good quality, short process, easy operation.5. Process design and instructionsThis design is posed of nine parts: The first and second part is introduction, it mainly introduces the present situation of coal coking and thiamine purpose and production method.The third part introduces the spray saturator principle of production of ammonium sulfate crystallization principles, factors and production of ammonium sulfate crystallization process. The fourth part carries on the detailed calculation on the equipment and equipment model were determined. The fifth part explains the arrangement of each part in detail. The sixth part explains civil engineering, water supply and drainage, power supply, heating and ventilation, meter project, project, equipment maintenance, etc. for details. The seventh part explains the main control index in this section, operating rules, open positions parking operation, labor capacity and job responsibility. The eighth part listed the equipment of thiamine section uniformly . The ninth part explains the drawings.The tenth part explains the resources used in this graduation design.6. Design calculation result data The main equipment parameters of this design are as follows:1) Saturator :Select spray saturator DN5000/DN3800mm, H = 11600mm, a total of two sets (one open and one standby). Design Pressure WorkingPressure (Mpa)GasProcessingCapacity()53000Design Temperature ℃100Working Temperature ℃5060Operating Pressure (Mpa)MaterialsGas, sulfur, Ammonia liquorMain MaterialSUS316LOperating Temperature ℃5065Weld factorCorrosion, Margin1Size circulating liquor 860502) The gas heaterDiameter (mm)2020Long or tall (mm)2110Heating pipe diameter x thickness (mm)573Heating tube tube tube length x number (mm)2010611Gas circulation sectional area (m2)Insulation area (m2)3) Ammonia water heat exchangerSo the heat exchange area (m2)8Capacity (m3 / h)Channel spacing (mm)6To take over the nominal diameter (mm)50ModelI6,Weight (KG)2154) Cyclone separator Choose XLP/A type cyclone separator, processing 11100m3/h, overall dimensions φ10604545, Y type, equipment total weight kg.5) Steamed ammonia tower Choose a diameter of 800 mm, height of m float valve tower with 16 pieces of plate.6) Boiling dryer Choose type boiling dryer, boiling drier bed covers an area of m2, drying ability is 5275 kgH2O/h.7) The centrifugeChoosing horizontal double piston push centrifuge, models for HR400 N, the main parameters as follows:Drum diameter x length (mm)400145Rotational speed (r/min)17002300Pushing the number (b/min)075Pushing schedule (mm)40Production capacity (t/h) 5 (ammonium sulphate)The separation factor6461183Dimension: length x width x height (mm)246012861030Motor power (kW)117. Design the conclusion The equipment choosing in this design meets processing annual output of 100 million tons of coke oven production requirements. Key words: coke oven gas。第八部分對硫銨工段的設(shè)備進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)一列表。飽和器選用直徑DN5000/DN3800mm兩臺噴淋式飽和器。 來自煉焦車間的荒煤氣,經(jīng)冷卻和用各種吸收劑處理,可以提取出焦油、氨、萘、硫化氫及粗苯等產(chǎn)品,而其中的氨可用于制取硫酸銨,硫酸銨又是目前焦化廠生產(chǎn)的主要產(chǎn)品之一,本次設(shè)計就是回收焦?fàn)t煤氣中的氨來生產(chǎn)硫酸銨。第五部分對各個部分的布置進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的說明。(5) 蒸氨塔 選用直徑為800mm。 高溫?zé)捊够瘜W(xué)工業(yè)是煤炭的綜合利用中歷史最久,工業(yè)最完善,技術(shù)最成熟,應(yīng)用最廣泛的行業(yè)。 ——焦化行業(yè)整合時代即將來臨 很長一段時間以來,企業(yè)規(guī)模過小、產(chǎn)業(yè)零散問題一直困擾著中國焦化行業(yè)的發(fā)展。到2005年,可滿足生產(chǎn)4億噸鋼的需求,超過市場對焦炭產(chǎn)品的需求總量。 ,焦炭水分小于3%。 硫銨的分子中含有陰離子SO4,難以被土粒吸附,作物對銨離子的吸收較多而使SO4殘留土壤,故硫銨是一種典型的生理酸性肥料。所以,無論在水田還是旱田,硫銨都要深施。因此,此法在工業(yè)上應(yīng)用很少,很難推廣,特別是在現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用更少。通過實驗得知,%的硫酸飽和母液相互作用時,其反應(yīng)熱效應(yīng)為溫度/℃硫酸銨熱效應(yīng)/(kJ/mol) 用適量的硫酸和氨進(jìn)行反應(yīng)時,生成的是中式鹽(NH)2SO4,當(dāng)硫酸過量時,則生成酸式鹽NH4HSO4 ,其反應(yīng)為 NH3 + H2SO4 → NH4HSO4 ΔH=-165kJ/mol 隨溶液被氨飽和的程度,酸式鹽又可轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橹惺禁} NH4HSO4 + NH3 →(NH4)2SO4 溶液中酸式鹽和中式鹽的比例起決于母液中游離硫酸的含量,這種含量以質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)表示,稱之為酸度。通常晶核的形成和長大是同時進(jìn)行的。 由圖41可見,AB溶解度曲線與CD超溶解度曲線大致平行。只有當(dāng)母液濃度提高至G點后才能形成大量晶核,母液濃度也隨之降至飽和點F。 正常操作條件下,硫酸銨結(jié)晶的介穩(wěn)區(qū)很小。 母液酸度對硫酸銨結(jié)晶的影響 母液酸度在氨吸收設(shè)備內(nèi)主要影響硫酸銨結(jié)晶的粒度和氨與吡啶鹽基的回收率。 溫度和濃度對硫酸銨結(jié)晶的影響 控制母液濃度于“介穩(wěn)區(qū)”內(nèi)可制取大顆粒的結(jié)晶。高水平的操作人員和管理者,就是要善于預(yù)先判斷,并作出適宜的調(diào)整方案。 一般鼓泡式飽和器晶比保持在40%~50%,噴淋式飽和器晶比保持30%~40%。 由脫硫工序來的煤氣經(jīng)煤氣預(yù)熱器預(yù)熱至60~70℃,或更高溫度,目的是為了保持飽和器水平衡。滿流管插入滿流槽7中也封住煤氣,使煤氣不能外逸。為了保證循環(huán)母液一定的酸度,連續(xù)從母液循環(huán)泵入口或滿流管處加入質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為何90%~93%的濃硫酸,維持正常母液酸度。則水蒸氣分壓為: %=。 在實際生產(chǎn)中,母液溫度為50~55℃。K) ②水汽帶入的熱量= (+98) = (+98) = 則氨汽帶入的熱量= + = +=416866 kJ/h ③硫酸帶入的熱量 =E=196220= kJ/h 式中 ——濃度為78%硫酸的比熱 E——硫酸的平均溫度,取20℃ ④洗滌水帶入的熱量(包括洗滌結(jié)晶和沖洗設(shè)備的水,水溫為60℃)=(+)60 = (+600)60 = ——60℃時水的比熱kJ/(kgmol) q3= (1962/98) = kJ/h 化學(xué)反應(yīng)熱共計= q1 + q2 + q3 =++= kJ/h飽和器總的輸出熱量為=++++++=(+98324t) kJ/h (1) 煤氣從飽和器帶出的熱量 煤氣飽和器帶出由于干煤氣和水汽所組成飽和器后煤氣溫度為60℃則干煤氣帶出的熱量 q1180。 ,進(jìn)口煤氣速度不宜低于25m/s現(xiàn)取27m/s則煤氣進(jìn)口截面積為: F=㎡ 煤氣進(jìn)口采用矩形,設(shè)邊長為b ,短邊 為a且b=2a,則:F=ab=2a=㎡ a= b=2a= 出口管的煤氣速度采用4~8m/s,本設(shè)計采用6m/s,則出口的內(nèi)徑為: D= 若出口管用8mm厚的鋼板制成,內(nèi)外表面各襯以5mm酚醛玻璃鈉其外徑為: D=+(+)2= 除酸器內(nèi)環(huán)形截面寬度取與煤氣進(jìn)口寬度相等,則除酸器內(nèi)徑為 +2= 為計算此高度,應(yīng)先確定煤氣在環(huán)形空間的旋轉(zhuǎn)運動速度,及其在飽和器內(nèi)的環(huán)形空間內(nèi)的停留時間。k) ——1Nm3煤氣含H2S的量 = 6395845 = 118578 kJ/h 式中 ——0~80℃苯族烴平均比熱 kJ/(㎏℃) —— 98℃時水蒸汽的熱焓 kg/㎏ 回流液帶出熱量 q = kJ/h 冷卻水帶出熱量 q (水溫由32℃→45℃)Q2 = q3 + q4 + q= + q 由 Q1 = Q2 得 q = 所需換熱面積 氨氣 ℃ 102 → 98 水 ℃ 45 ← 32 △t ℃ 57 66 ℃ 由《煉焦化學(xué)品回收與加工》中取經(jīng)驗值 K = (h 通風(fēng)機(jī)的選型 (1) 計算風(fēng)壓 選用沸騰干燥器的熱風(fēng)進(jìn)口,通風(fēng)機(jī)的入口外側(cè)為參考面,通風(fēng)機(jī)入口外側(cè)壓力 P1 = 0 Pa(表壓) μ1 = 0m/s Z1 = 0 m熱風(fēng)進(jìn)口 P2=3950 Pa(表壓) μ2 = m/s Z2 = 5m∵(P2P1)/P1=(101325+3950101325)/
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