【正文】
Stock Ownership Plan of the United States promotes the development of SMEs (. small and medium enterprises). The fifth section is about the assumption of improving Equity Incentive system for Private Corporation in China. This section first presents the overall objective of the establishment and improvement of multilevel Equity Incentive system for 完善我國非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度研究 9 private corporation。在此部分首先提出了建立和完善多層次的非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度體系的總目標(biāo);而后強(qiáng)調(diào)指導(dǎo)思想 —— 高度重視和積極鼓勵(lì)在非上市公司建立股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度,并闡述了建設(shè)和完善非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度的原則;再后提出了非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度的主要內(nèi)容:對(duì)不同激勵(lì)主體可選擇不同的股權(quán)激勵(lì)模式,在當(dāng)前及今后的 很長一段時(shí)間應(yīng)當(dāng)把經(jīng)營管理者和骨干員作為主要的股權(quán)激勵(lì)對(duì)象,國家應(yīng)在信完善我國非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度研究 6 貸、稅收、場外交易市場建設(shè)等方面建立有利于非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度發(fā)展的政策法規(guī),要把實(shí)施股權(quán)激勵(lì)與完善公司治理相結(jié)合,要切實(shí)保護(hù)被激勵(lì)對(duì)象的合法權(quán)益;最后建議相關(guān)執(zhí)法制度、司法制度應(yīng)針對(duì)非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度建設(shè)的需求作出配套性調(diào)整。美國的非上市公司屬于封閉公司,其股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度主要是職工持股計(jì)劃。在本部分首先介紹了我國非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度的由來,分 別從立法和實(shí)踐兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)行說明。在本部分還介紹了比較常見的 股權(quán)激勵(lì)的基礎(chǔ)理論:人力資本理論,代理理論,公司治理結(jié)構(gòu)理論。筆者在 闡述股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度基本理論的基礎(chǔ)上,回顧我國非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度的歷史并分析其現(xiàn)狀,在比較借鑒美國、歐洲、日本等發(fā)達(dá)國家非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度的基礎(chǔ)上提出了我國非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度建設(shè)的總目標(biāo)應(yīng)當(dāng)是:建立和完善多層次的非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度體系,從而為不同種類和不同規(guī)模的非上市公司建立相應(yīng)的股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度規(guī)范。 論文題目: (中文) 完善我國非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度研究 (外文) A Study on Improvement of Equity Incentive System for Private Corporation in China 所在院、系、所 : 法學(xué)院 專 專 業(yè) 、 名 、 稱 : 法律碩士 指 專 導(dǎo) 專 教 專 師 姓 專 名、職 專 稱 : 史際春 教授 論文主題詞 : 非上市公司;股權(quán)激勵(lì) 完善我國非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度研究 2 學(xué) 專 習(xí) 專 期 專 限 : 2020 年 4 月至 2020 年 12月 論文提交時(shí) 間 : 2020 年 10 月 20 日 獨(dú) 創(chuàng) 性 聲 明 本人鄭重聲明:所呈交的論文是我個(gè)人在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。筆者還就完善我國非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度研究 2 建立和完善多層次的非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度體系的指導(dǎo)思想、基本原則和主要內(nèi)容等問題提出自己的設(shè)想。在此部分最后介紹了股完善我國非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度研究 3 權(quán)激勵(lì)制度發(fā)展簡史:分別包括國際股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度發(fā)展簡史,股票期權(quán)的歷史及作用, 職工持股 的歷史及作用,國內(nèi)股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度發(fā)展簡史。在立法方面,將 1992 年國家體改委 做出定向募集方式設(shè)立股份有限公司可發(fā)行內(nèi)部職工股為分界點(diǎn),對(duì)其前后的立法狀況分別進(jìn)行了介紹。為緩和勞資矛盾,改善公司治理,解決職工的退休福利問題。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 非上市公司;股權(quán)激勵(lì)完善我國非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度研究 1 Abstract Equity Incentive is one of the businesstostaff incentive ways in modern society. It is a longterm incentive. Its core: the enterprise employees access to capital and property rights through the property rights reform. They participate in corporate management process as the owner, tie the interests of the employees with longterm interests of the enterprises, and maximize the working enthusiasm of the employees so as to maximize the efficiency of enterprises. Equity Incentive in China has the following problems: only a very small volume of listed panies implement the current system of Equity Incentives, Private Corporation which account for the vast majority of the total number of enterprises seldom implement it. And the vast majority of domestic Equity Incentive theory is mainly aimed at listed panies of stock options. There are few specific monographs on Equity Incentive system for Private Corporation. This article is intended to emphasize that all sectors of society, especially governmental decisionmaking ans should attach great importance to promote Equity 完善我國非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度研究 2 Incentive system for private corporation. On the basis of the theory of the Equity Incentive system, The at recalled the history of the Equity Incentive system for private corporation in China in parison with the system in the United States、 Europe, Japan and other developed countries, and analyzes the status quo. On the basis of those, the author sets out the overall objective: it should establish and improve multilevel Equity Incentive system for Private Corporation, so as to establish the corresponding norms of the Equity Incentive system for the different sizes and types of the private corporation. In respect of basic principles 、 main contents of the issues and the guiding ideology of establishing and improving multilevel Equity Incentive system for private corporation, the author also puts forward his own ideas. This article is divided into five sections. The first section is an overview of Equity Incentive system. In this section, the author concentrates highly on outlining the general theory of the Equity Incentive. On the one hand, the author let the reader familiar with the basic issue of Equity Incentives。 it also stresses that the guiding ideology—attaching great importance and actively encouraging private corporation to establish Equity Incentive system, and describing the principle of the establishment and improvement of Equity Incentive system for private corporation. It subsequently presents the main content of Equity Incentive system for Private Corporation: Different enterprises may choice different Equity Incentive patterns. In the long time of present and future, the managers and core staff should be the main targets of Equity Incentives. The authority should make policies and regulations which are conducive to the development of the system in the aspects of credit、 tax and overthecounter market building, etc。而 且,我國 上市公司主要的股權(quán)激勵(lì)模式就是股票期權(quán),國內(nèi)多數(shù)的股權(quán)激勵(lì)理論和書籍基本上都是圍繞著上市公司和股票期權(quán)為對(duì)象的, 鮮見 以非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度為研究對(duì)象的理論和書籍 。 需要說明的是,如果一個(gè)國家沒有完善的股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度,而僅僅只有部分 企業(yè)做著個(gè)別的嘗試, 還 不能說該國有了股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度 。它主要包括以下具體形式。股票期權(quán)在國際上也是一種最為經(jīng)典、使用最為廣泛的股權(quán)激勵(lì)模式。 c、 股票增值權(quán)( Stock Appreciation Rights,縮寫為SAR)。股票增值權(quán)的激勵(lì)效果也受資本市場有效性的影響。 f 、 延期支付( Deferred Compensation)。而延期支付的激勵(lì)對(duì)象只有通過提升公司的業(yè)績,促使公司股價(jià)上升來保證自己的利益不受損失。 ②非國有企業(yè)股權(quán)激勵(lì) 完善我國非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度研究 11 非國有企業(yè)股權(quán)激勵(lì)是指在非國有企業(yè)中 針對(duì)管理層和其他員工 所實(shí)施的股權(quán)激勵(lì)。 一般包括以下具體方式。 c、 業(yè)績股票 前文已述,略。 ( 2)以多數(shù)員工為對(duì)象的股權(quán)激勵(lì) 完善我國非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度研究 14 是指 面向 企業(yè) 大多數(shù)員工或全體員工的股權(quán)激勵(lì)模式。同時(shí)對(duì)經(jīng)理人在購股后 再出售股票的期限作出規(guī)定。 完善我國非上市公司股權(quán)激勵(lì)制度研究 16 當(dāng)今時(shí)代已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的時(shí)代,知識(shí)、技術(shù)越來越成為促進(jìn)企業(yè)發(fā)展,提升競爭力的關(guān)鍵,知識(shí)和技術(shù)的承載者 —— 人才的重要性更為凸顯,這充分證明了人力資本理論的正確性。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,上述三者之間形成一定的制衡關(guān)系。 1)股票期權(quán)的歷史及作用 在美國,諸如限制性股票所有權(quán)計(jì)劃、股票期權(quán)制度或認(rèn)股權(quán)計(jì)劃、虛擬股票形式或股票增值 權(quán) 、延期支付計(jì)劃、特定目標(biāo)激勵(lì)計(jì)劃、管理層收購等眾多長期激勵(lì)方式已經(jīng)被成功地使用,并且已經(jīng)從根本上改變了員工的薪酬結(jié)構(gòu)。韋爾奇 199