【正文】 ？) / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里邊穿行是很危險(xiǎn)的) sound、noise、voice的區(qū)別：sound指各種聲音；noise主要指“噪音”；voice指人的“嗓音”。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子)用both…and…連接兩個(gè)事物做主語時(shí),謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Childern’s Day(兒童節(jié)), my sister’s book(我姐姐的書)(2)以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：water, news, oil, population, information .英語可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：英語可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。(6)介詞→副詞,如：in(到……里)→(在里面；在家),on(在…上)→(進(jìn)行,繼續(xù)),等等。合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。指物的叫直接賓語,指人的叫間接賓語。通常用名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.動詞(v.)： 表示動作或狀態(tài)。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.代詞(pron.)： 主要用來代替名詞。如and, but, before .感嘆詞(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、樂等感情。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 賓語表示及物動詞的對象或結(jié)果,回答做的是“什么”。如：He works hard .(他工作努力)賓語補(bǔ)足語用來說明賓語怎么樣或干什么,通常由形容詞或動詞充當(dāng)。(3)名詞→動詞,如：hand(手)→(傳遞),face(臉)→(面對)等等。（2）、普通名詞是許多人或事物的共有名稱。如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.不規(guī)則變化：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,說明其數(shù)量時(shí),要用有關(guān)計(jì)量名詞。如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買)a lot of 后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,跟不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)形式。如：Two months is not a short time.(兩個(gè)月不是個(gè)短時(shí)間)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance.(兩千千米是相當(dāng)長的一段距離)1主語中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等詞語時(shí),謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞確定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網(wǎng)上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的) A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學(xué)生的三分之一(當(dāng)時(shí))正在湖邊玩耍) All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經(jīng)被污染了) 但是,population一詞又有特殊情況： What’s the population of China?(中國人口是多少？)(句子用單數(shù))Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs.(這個(gè)城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用復(fù)數(shù))部分名詞用法辨析：sport、game、match、race 的區(qū)別：sport通常指“戶外運(yùn)動”,以鍛煉為主,概念較大；game意思是“運(yùn)動、比賽”,不管戶內(nèi)戶外還是腦力體力,指以勝負(fù)為主的運(yùn)動；match意為“競賽、比賽”,多指正式比賽；race主要表示“賽跑、賽馬、賽車”。如： I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去購物) Are they from Brazil?(他們是巴西人嗎？) Where have they gone?(他們上哪兒去了？) That’s it.(就那么回事) / It’s he!(是他！)賓格用來作及物動詞或者介詞的賓語。如：This is your cup,but where is mine?(這是你的杯子,可我的在哪兒？) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你們的教室很大,我們的相當(dāng)小)“of + 名詞性物主代詞”稱為雙重所有格,作定語時(shí)放在名詞的后面。如：Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那會割傷你的)在句子中作同位語表示強(qiáng)調(diào)(即用來強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞或代詞的語氣)。如：Have you found the bookwhich you lost several days ago?(你找到幾天前丟失的那本書了嗎？)關(guān)系代詞that既可指人也可指物,如果作從句的賓語,則有時(shí)省略。如：They didn’t have any friends here. (他們在這里沒有朋友)Have you got any questions to ask?(你有問題要問嗎？)any 用于肯定句時(shí),意思是“任何的”。)all和both既可以修飾名詞(all/both+(the)+名詞),也可以獨(dú)立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名詞(復(fù)數(shù))”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如：Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大蘋果樹下唱歌,別的就躺在草地上說話) You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已經(jīng)吃了好幾塊餅子了,你真的還要一塊？)I want another four books.(我還要四本書)another(另外的,再一,又一)與the other(另外的一個(gè)) 主要從數(shù)量上區(qū)分,只有兩個(gè)時(shí)用the other,在原先基礎(chǔ)上增加用another。 many / much用于肯定句時(shí)可以在前面加上so、： There are a lot of people on the playground.(操場上有許多的人)/ They haven’t got much work to do.(他們沒有多少事情可做) / There are too many people in the room.(房間里人太多了。如：Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.(嗨,麗麗,門外有人。如：A lot of people think that time is money.(許多的人認(rèn)為時(shí)間就是金錢。each other表示兩者之間,而one anther表示許多人之間。如： Who is that man?(那男的是誰？) What colour are their hats?(他們的帽子是什么顏色？) Which car was made in Germany?(哪輛車是德國造的？)(被動句) 注意這個(gè)提問：The man in the car is my father.(車?yán)锏哪腥耸俏腋赣H)→Which man is your father?(哪個(gè)男人是你的父親？)which除了可以詢問指代的情況之外,還可以針對說明人物的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、歲數(shù)、顏色、大小、狀況等進(jìn)行提問。用作名詞時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)表示“成…上…”,后面必須要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等詞。 1/2→ a half 。 →Page Five。)(2) 表示某類人或事物,以區(qū)別于其他種類。定冠詞the的用法：定冠詞the用在可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)的名詞前面。)(5) 用在表示方位的名詞前面。如：Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去長得一樣)(12)幾個(gè)用定冠詞的習(xí)語：at the same time (與此同時(shí)),make the bed(鋪床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(順便說一下),on the way(在路上)等等。如：The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子們星期六下午踢足球)(8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名稱前不用。 ⑺ at / from home。 ⒂ in / out of hospital。如：a big yellow wooden wheel(一個(gè)黃色的大木輪)⑵作表語時(shí)放在連系動詞之后。如：This is a real diamond(鉆石) and it’s very expensive.(這是貨真價(jià)實(shí)的鉆石,非常貴) / Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with my own ears.(那真實(shí)嗎？ 是的,我親耳所聽)⑷ interested與interesting的區(qū)別：interesting指人或東西“有趣的”,作定語或表語,而interested則表示人對別的事物“感興趣的”,只能作表語。如：The other students are on the playground.(其他學(xué)生在操場上) / Who else can work out this maths problem?(還有誰能解出著道數(shù)學(xué)題？) / This is nobody else’s money. It’s mine.(這不是別的什么人的錢,是我的。如：We must try our best to help the poor.(我們應(yīng)該盡力幫助窮人們)The rich never know how the poor are living.(有錢人哪知窮人怎么過日子)副詞：用來說明事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等含義或說明其它形容詞或副詞程度的詞叫做副詞。另外,special還可以表示特別的目的。如：I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我從來沒有見過這么蠢的男孩) / He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it.(他遭遇了這么可怕的事故,他永遠(yuǎn)也不會忘記)⑹ good與well：表示“好”時(shí),作定語或表語用good,作狀語用well；表示“(身體)好”：Doing sports is good for us.(進(jìn)行運(yùn)動對我們有益) / Study well and make progress every day.(好好學(xué)習(xí),天天向上) / How are you?—I am very well.(你好嗎？我很好。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我們必須盡力保持我們的環(huán)境清潔)⑷后置的情況：①修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)放在代詞之后。 ⒄ on/in time。 ⑼ at night/noon/midnight。如：⑴ at / to / from / out of / after / for school。如：China is a very large country.(中國是個(gè)大國) / Man needs air and water.(人類需要空氣和水) (2) 名詞前已有指示、物主或不定代詞作定語時(shí)不用。)(6) 在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級的前面。如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿著一朵花的男人是杰克)(2) 指談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物。)(不能譯為：一頭大象比一個(gè)人強(qiáng)壯。如：The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三課相當(dāng)難)Shall we read the text a third time?(我們把課文讀第三遍,好嗎？)五、冠詞冠詞分類及讀法： 英語中冠詞有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種,常放在名詞的前面,用來限定名詞的意義,起泛指或特指的作用。 3/4→ three quarters 。 英語的序數(shù)詞基本變法： (1) 一般在基數(shù)詞后加th,(2)ve結(jié)尾的改為fth,(3)ty結(jié)尾的改為tieth,(4)熟記特殊詞。如：Who is (are) in that playhouse?(誰在游戲房里？) What is that? (那是什么？)What are those? (那些是什么？) What colours do they have?(它們有哪些顏色？)四、數(shù)詞： 分類：數(shù)詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。如： We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我們身處困境時(shí)要互相幫助。) I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要寫) I spend a gr