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systems (ABS). The AT89C51 is especially well suited to applications that benefit from its processing speed and enhanced onchip peripheral functions set, such as automotive powertrain control, vehicle dynamic suspension, antilock braking, and stability control applications. Because of these critical applications, the market requires a reliable costeffective controller with a low interrupt latency response, ability to service the high number of time and event driven integrated peripherals needed in real time applications, and a CPU with above average processing power in a single package. The financial and legal risk of having devices that operate unpredictably is very high. Once in the market, particularly in mission criticalapplications such as an autopilot or antilock braking system, mistakes are financiallyprohibitive. Redesign costs can run as high as a $500K, much more if the fix means 2 back annotating it across a product family that share the same core and/or peripheral design flaw. In addition, field replacements of ponents is extremely expensive, as the devices are typically sealed in modules with a total value several times that of the ponent. To mitigate these problems, it is essential that prehensive testing of the controllers be carried out at both the ponent level and system level under worst case environmental and voltage plete and thorough validation necessitates not only a welldefined process but also a proper environment and tools to facilitate and execute the mission Chandler Platform Engineering group provides post silicon system validation (SV) of various microcontrollers and processors. The system validation process can be broken into three major type of the device and its application requirements determine which types of testing are performed on the device. The AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4Kbytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16bittimer/counters, a five vector twolevel interrupt architecture,a full duple ser ial port, onchip oscillator and clock addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters,serial port and interrupt sys tem to continue functioning. The Powerdown Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscil –lator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.附錄Ⅲ中文翻譯單片機廣泛應用于商業(yè):諸如調制解調器,電動機控制系統(tǒng),空調控制系統(tǒng),汽車發(fā)動機和其他一些領域。8位AT89C51 CHMOS 工藝單片機被設計用于處理高速計算和快速輸入/輸出。重新設計的費用可以高達500K 美元,如果產品族享有同樣內核或外圍設計缺陷的話,費用會更高。空閑方式體制CPU 的工作,但允許RAM,定時/計數器,串行通信口及中斷系統(tǒng)繼續(xù)工作。 2013年5月12日~2013年5月23日:做出系統(tǒng)設計方案,形成畢業(yè)設計論文的初稿,畢業(yè)設計中期檢查。ta damagesbased agreement, you should make sure you39。s about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa has May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it. 一字開頭的年齡已經到了尾聲??傆X得自己自己似乎應該去做點什么,或者寫點什么。for the racist behaviour of their fans duringTo find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by , click onagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any pensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are plaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed under2013年6月16日~2013年6月22日:對論文進行細節(jié)修改,最終定稿并打印,等待答辯。畢業(yè)設計任務書專業(yè) 機械設計制造及其自動化 班級 姓名 下發(fā)日期 20130301 題目基于單片機的電子琴系統(tǒng)設計專題單片機系統(tǒng)設計主要內容及要求 內容:使用51系列單片機作為核心控制器完成簡單電子琴的制作。為了緩和這些問題,在最壞的環(huán)境和電壓條件下對這些單片機進行無論在部件級別還是系統(tǒng)級別上的綜合測試是必需的。商業(yè)應用包括調制解調器,電動機控制系統(tǒng),打印機,影印機,空調控制系統(tǒng),磁盤驅動器和醫(yī)療設備。然而,這些關鍵應用領域也要求這些單片機高度可靠。Oxf0)|Ox0f。身邊的同學和朋友,有你們,我的大學才算完整。從開始選題到中期修正,再到最終定稿,老師給我提供了許多寶貴建議。這個設計題目并不是新的,但從中能體現到一個系統(tǒng)開發(fā)設計的過程,足于讓我們受益。 利用keil與Proteus進行的調試用步驟:1. 打開keil,建立工程,輸入程序。(3)目前支持的單片機類型有:68000系列、8051系列、AVR系列、PIC12系列、PIC16系列、PIC18系列、Z80系列、HC11系列以及各種外圍芯片。在這個程序中用到了兩個定時/計數器來完成的。其計數初值T的求法如下:T=65536—N=65536—fi247。 音樂播放設計一首音樂是許多不同的音階組成的,而每個音階對應著不同的頻率,這樣我們就可以利用不同的頻率的組合,即可構成我們所想要的音樂了,當然對于單片機來產生不同的頻率非常方便,我們可以利用單片機的定時/計數器T0來產生這樣方波頻率信號,因此,我們只要把一首歌曲的音階對應頻率關系弄正確即可。(2) 動態(tài)顯示驅動:數碼管動態(tài)顯示接口是單片機中應用最為廣泛的一種顯 示方式之一,動態(tài)驅動是將所有數碼管的8個顯示筆劃a,b, c, d, e, f, g, dp的同 名端連在一起,另外為每個數碼管的公共極COM增加位選通控制電路,位選通由各自獨立的I/O線控制,當單片機輸出字形碼時,所有數碼管都接收到相同的字形碼,但究竟是那個數碼管會顯示出字形,取決于單片機對位選通COM端電路的控制,所以我們只要將需要顯示的數碼管的選通控制打開,該位就顯示出字形,沒有選通的數碼管就不會亮。當某一字段的陰極為高電平時,相應字段就不亮。常用的方法有行掃描法和線反轉法兩種。抖動的持續(xù)時間與鍵的質量相關,一般為5—20mm。(1)判斷鍵盤中有無鍵按下將全部行線置低電平,然后檢測列線的狀態(tài)。這樣,一個端口(如P1 口)就可以構成44=16個按鍵,比之直接將端口線用于鍵盤多出了一倍,而且線數越多,區(qū)別越明顯,比如再多加一條線就可以構成20鍵的鍵盤,而直接用端口線則只能多出一鍵(9鍵)。 芯片擦除整個PER0M陣列和三個鎖定位的電擦除可通過正確的控制信號組合,并保持ALE管腳處于低電平10ms來完成。在FLASH編程期間,此引腳也用于施加12V編程電源(VPP)。另外,該引腳被略微拉高。當振蕩器復位器件時,要保持RST腳兩個機器周期的高電平時間。P2口當用于外部程序存儲器或16位地址外部數據存儲器進行存取時,P2口輸出地址的高八位。P0能夠用于外部程序數據存儲器,它可以被定義為數據/地址的第八位。由于將多功能8位CPU和閃存存儲器組合在單個芯片中,ATMEL的AT89C51是一種高效微控控制器,AT89C2051是它的一種精簡版本。 系統(tǒng)框圖該系統(tǒng)通過電子琴按鍵隨意鍵入所要表達的音符,作為電平送給主體電路, 中央處理器通過識別,解碼輸出音符,在揚聲器中發(fā)出有效的聲音。AT89C51單片機設計微型電子琴的方法,僅需AT89C51最小系統(tǒng),擴展一組矩陣鍵盤,再接一組發(fā)光二極管用來指示電子琴的工作狀態(tài)。第 2 章 總體方案 系統(tǒng)設計要求本系統(tǒng)分為兩個部分,一個是音樂播放,另一個就是電子琴彈奏。但是,單片機應用的意義絕不僅限于它的廣闊范圍以及所帶來的經濟效益 上,更重要的意義還在于:單片機的應用正從根本上改變著傳統(tǒng)的控制系統(tǒng)設計 思想和設計方法。 electronic organ目 錄第 1 章 緒 論 1第 2 章 總體方案 3 系統(tǒng)設計要求 3 電子琴系統(tǒng)的組成 3 系統(tǒng)框圖 4第 3 章 硬件簡介 5 AT89C51 5 AT89C51 簡介 5 主要的功能特性 6 管腳功能 6 芯片擦除 8 矩陣式鍵盤的識別和顯示 8 矩陣式鍵盤的結構與工作原理 8 矩陣式鍵盤的按鍵識別方法 9 鍵盤接口必須具有的4個基本功能 9 LED數碼管 10 數碼管的分類 10 數碼管的驅動方式 11 硬件設計圖 12第 4 章 軟件設計 13 整體程序處理流程圖 13 I/O并行口直接驅動LED顯示 14 音樂播放設計 14 放歌