金屬材料專業(yè)英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單介紹(完整版)
【正文】 uctures of the two elements must be identical. ? HumeRothery Rule 3: Valency Rule : A metal will dissolve a metal of higher valency to a greater extent than one of lower valency. The solute and solvent atoms should typically have the same valence in order to achieve maximum solubility. ? HumeRothery Rule 4: The Electronegativity Rule : Electronegativity difference close to 0 gives maximum solubility. The more electropositive one element and the more electronegative the other, the greater is the likelihood that they will form an intermetallic pound instead of a substitutional solid solution. The solute and the solvent should lie relatively close in the electrochemical series. 21 休姆－羅瑟里（ Hume－ Rothery）規(guī)律 （ 1） 形成合金的元素原子半徑之差超過(guò) 14％～ 15％ ，則固溶度極為有限；若尺寸差小于 15％， 尺寸因素成為次要的影響因素，固溶度由其他影響因素確定，這就是知名的 15％ 規(guī)律。n?zi??n ] ? shell[?el] ? ，閑逛，徜徉 ； ? ，漫游，徘徊 ? ? ，可鍛的 ? ，柔軟的 ? ，可溶的 ? ? ，躍遷，過(guò)渡 ? ，外殼 4 Translation I ? The outmost layer of electrons 最外層電子 ? Free election gas 自由電子氣 ? Electrical conductivity 電導(dǎo)率，電導(dǎo)性 ? Plaincarbon steel 普通碳素鋼 ? Solid solution 固溶體，固溶液，固體溶液 5 Translation II ? Intermetallic pound 金屬互化物 ? Metallic material 金屬材料 ? Strainless steel 不銹鋼 ? Solute 溶質(zhì) ? Solvent 溶劑 ? Periodic table 元素周期表 ? Electronegativity 電負(fù)性 ? Transition metal 過(guò)渡金屬 ? Crystal structure 晶體結(jié)構(gòu) 6 What is a Metal? ? Q: What is a Metal? ? A: Metal is consisted of positive centers (or ions) sitting in a “gas ” of free tends to be good electrical conductors. 7 What is an Alloy? ? Consist of a mixture of a pure and one or more other elements. ? 由兩種或兩種以上的金屬或金屬與非金屬經(jīng)一定方法所合成的具有金屬特性的物質(zhì)。 Expressions from Part1 ? roam[r?um] ? graphite[39。 ? 根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的不同，合金主要類型是： ? (1)混合物合金：當(dāng)液態(tài)合金凝固時(shí)，構(gòu)成合金的各組分分別結(jié)晶而成的合金，如焊錫； ? (2)固熔體合金當(dāng)液態(tài)合金凝固時(shí)形成固溶體的合金，如金銀合金； ? (3)金屬互化物合金：各組分相互形成化合物的合金，如銅、鋅組成的黃銅。 25 ? the chemical formula of an ionic pound , like NaCl or Al2O3 can be predicted easily from the pound?s position in the periodic table ,this is not the case for many intermetallic pounds. ? 換句話說(shuō)，盡管像氯化鈉，氧化鋁的價(jià)鍵可以通過(guò)他們?cè)谠刂?
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