【正文】 出和增加稅收 ) ： (A．人民幣與美元的比率由 1： 變?yōu)?1： ) ： (A. 必須作出選擇 ) ，在其他條件不變的情況下，對小汽 車的需求量將： (A．減少 ) ： ( A. 均衡價格和均衡數(shù)量同方向變動 ) ，假設(shè)： (D. 消費者的嗜好、收入和商品價格既定 ) ： (B．邊際產(chǎn)量 ) ： (B．邊際成本大于平均成本 ) ： (B．銷售額 ) ，邊際收益與平均收益的關(guān)系是： (B．邊際收益小于平均收益 ) ： (A. 基尼系數(shù)為 0． 15) 濟增長的因素是： ( A. 制度、資源、技術(shù) ) ： ( B．社會上的各種資源沒有得到充分利用 ) LM 曲線不變的情況下，自發(fā)總支出增加會引起： (A．國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增加，利率上升 ) ： (B．供給推動的通貨膨脹 ) ，應(yīng)該采取的財政政策工具是： ( C. 減少政府支出和增加稅收 ) ： ( A．匯率完全由外匯市場自發(fā)地決定 ) ： ( B．價格理論 ) ，當(dāng) X 商品的互補品 Y 商品的價格上升時，對 X 商 品的需求： ( B．減少 ) ： ( D) A．決定收入分配 B．傳達信息 C．提供刺激 D. 以上都對 X 商品的價格為 5元， Y 商品的價格為 2元。 ( B．非競爭性和非排他性 )。 ( B．微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)和宏觀經(jīng)濟學(xué) )。 ( C．既包括有形的產(chǎn)品，也包括無形的產(chǎn)品 )。如果消費者從這兩種商品的消費中得到最大效用時，商品 Y的邊際效用為 30，那么，此事 X 商品的邊際效用為 （ ） （ ） （ ） ： （ ，每個企業(yè)都考慮其競爭對手的行為） ，基尼系數(shù)的提高表示： （ ） 收入與個人可支配收入的差別是 （ ） ， M1 是指 （ ） ，隨著物價水平的下降 （ GDP 增加） ： (B．社會上的各種資源沒有得到充分利用 ) （ ） （ ） （ 、物價穩(wěn)定、減少經(jīng)濟被動和實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟增長） （ “應(yīng)該是什么”的問題） ，某種商品隨價格上升需求量減少表現(xiàn)為 （ ） 商品是 （ ） 的商品。 （ X） 7. 充分就業(yè)與任何失業(yè)的存在 都是矛盾的，因此，只要經(jīng)濟中有一個失業(yè)者存在，就不能說明實現(xiàn)了充分就業(yè)。 （ X） 15. 造紙廠附近的居民會收到造紙廠污染的影響，這就是負的外部性。 1 億人， 16 歲一下兒童 2021 萬人， 65 歲以上老年人 1000 萬人。 答： （ 1）在經(jīng)濟蕭條時期，財政政策是增加政府支出，減少政府稅收，這樣就必然出現(xiàn)財政赤字，即政府收入小于支出。 3. 現(xiàn)在許多企業(yè)都要成為“學(xué)習(xí)型企業(yè)”，這使市場上財經(jīng)管理類圖書走俏，分析這種變化對財經(jīng)管理類圖書市場的影響。開放經(jīng)濟中的乘數(shù)要考慮到進口增加在國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增加中所占的比例，即邊際進口傾向。 解： (1)1S— LM 模型是說明物品市場與貨幣市場同時均衡時利率與國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值決定的模型。由于公共物品沒有交易和相應(yīng)的交易價格，如果僅僅依靠市場調(diào)節(jié)，就沒人生產(chǎn)或生產(chǎn)遠遠不足。 (2)石油輸出國組織經(jīng)常限制石油產(chǎn)量，是因為在石油的需求沒有變化的情況?卜，石油的價格將上升。 、汽車保險價格下調(diào)，以及收入增加都會使消費者對汽車的購買量增加。這時總需求與總供給相等，實現(xiàn)了宏觀經(jīng)濟的均衡。 （ 3）平均產(chǎn)量與邊際產(chǎn)量的關(guān)系。 ？ 答： （ 1）邊際產(chǎn)量遞減規(guī)律的基本內(nèi)容是：在技術(shù)水平不變的情況下，當(dāng)把一種可變的生產(chǎn)要素投入到一種或幾種不變的生產(chǎn)要素中時，最初這種生產(chǎn)要素的增加會使產(chǎn)量增加，但當(dāng)它的增加超過一定限度時，增加的產(chǎn)量將要遞減，最終還會使產(chǎn)量絕對減少。（占 4 分） （ 4）作圖占了 3 分。 the ball was the objective. To score, the ball had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goal. The team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. Early in the history of basketball, the local YMCAs provided the gymnasiums, and membership in the anization grew rapidly. The size of the local gym dictated the number of players。s game changed radically in 1971 when separate rules for women were modified to more closely resemble the men39。s original thirteen rules remain, the game soon changed considerably, and the founder had little to do with its evolution. The first intercollegiate game was played in Minnesota in 1895, with nine players to a side and a final score of nine to three. A year later, the first fiveman teams played at the University of Chicago. Baskets were now constructed of twine s but it was not until 1906 that the bottom of the s were open. In 1897, the dribble was first used, field goals became two points, foul shots one point, and the first professional game was played. A year later, the first professional league was started, in the East, while in 1900, the first intercollegiate league began. In 1910, in order to limit rough play, it was agreed that four fouls would disqualify players, and glass backboards were used for the first time. Noheless, many rules still differed, depending upon where the games were played and whether professionals, collegians, or YMCA players were involved. College basketball was played from Texas to Wisconsin and throughout the East through the 1920s, but most teams played only in their own regions, which prevented a national game or audience from developing. Professional basketball was played almost exclusively in the East before the 1920s, except when a team would barnstorm into the Midwest to play local teams, often after a league had folded. Before the 1930s very few games, either professional or amateur, were played in facilities suitable for basketball or with a perfectly round ball. Some were played in arenas with chicken wire separating the players from fans, thus the word cagers, others with posts in the middle of the floor and often with balconies overhanging the corners, limiting the areas from which shots could be taken. Until the late 1930s, all players used the twohand set shot, and scores remained low. Basketball in the 1920s and 1930s became both more anized and more popular, although it still lagged far behind both baseball and college football. In the pros, five urban, ethnic teams excelled and played with almost no college graduates. They were the New York Original Celtics。s devotion to the set shot and encouraging a more open game. In consecutive years the center jump was eliminated after free throws and then after field goals, thus speeding up the game and allowing for more scoring. In 1938, Irish created the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in the Garden to determine a national champion. Although postseason tournaments had occurred before, the NIT was the first with major colleges from different regions and proved to be a great financial success. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) created its own postseason tournament in 1939 but did not rival the NIT in prestige for some time. The 1940s saw significant changes for college basketball. Players began using the jump shot after Kenny Sailors of Wyoming wowed the East with it in 1943. The behindtheback dribble and pass also appeared, as did exceptional big men. Bob Kurland at Oklahoma Aamp。 Eddie Gottlieb39。s game by recognizing it as an Olympic event in 1976. Again, television coverage of the Olympics has been exceptionally important in drawing attention to international teams. The first professional men39。s original players were Canadians, and the game spread to Canada immediately. It was played in France by 1893。s National Basketball Association (WNBA) playoffs. And it has also made American heroes out of its player and coach legends like Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Earvin Magic Johnson, Sheryl Swoopes, and other great players. At the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. The space is a rectangular, indoor court. The principal pieces of equipment are the two elevated baskets, one at each end (in the long direction) of