【正文】 s a 2020 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funded project and part of the General Service Administration ’ s (GSA) Design Excellence program, ambitious building performance goals were set for the new B12021 Redevelopment for the . Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Seattle District Headquarters. A highly integrated designbuild team was essential to creating a high value solution that met the design, energy performance, budget, and schedule goals. From the outset, the building’ s form, dimension, and anization were shaped by EUI targets (30% below ASHRAE 2020 benchmarks, or Kbtu/SF/yr). Because the project award was made via an accelerated designbuild petition, the team had a mere 18week window to advance the design to a level that allowed the contractor to guarantee a maximum price for delivery, with confidence that the building would perform as expected. This short timeline required a tightly controlled, highlycollaborative process that involved all team members from day one. As a result, the team quickly and efficiently shortlisted, developed, and refined a series of strategies for the site, building, and systems design. After project award, the early inclusion of a mechanical contractor and the proactive engagement of GSA enabled the team to continue to collaboratively optimize the design to further improve anticipated building performance. Currently, the building is predicted to use less than 22 KB tu/sf/year, 40% below the AHSHRAE 2020 benchmarks, earning an Energy Star Score of 100 (putting it in the top 1% of parable buildings) and meeting the 2030 Challenge. The design build team is contractually obligated to ensure that the project energy performance standards are achieved after one year of operation, with % of the total designbuild contract value at risk. The team’ s analytic and researchbased approach to design (including indepth energy modeling) includes the following energy saving strategies and features: 黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 33 從一開始 ,建筑的形式、尺寸、和組織的形狀是由 EUI 目標(biāo) (30%低于 2020 年基準(zhǔn) ,或 Kbtu /科幻 /年 )。 高效照明 ( w / sf)和增強(qiáng)照明控制 關(guān)鍵字： 能量性能 建筑形式 能源之星 黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 35 Outdoor synthetic temperature for the calculation of space heating load ABSTRACT: Methods to select the outdoor design temperature(ODT) for heating load calculation specified in current design codes in different countries are firstly discussed. Then a new method namely Stochastic Analysis is presented to determine the outdoor synthet ic temperature(OST) ,which fully considers the randomness of weather and internal casual gains , and the thermal performance of builidings. The concept of OST enables the design of space heating system to be the tradeoff between economics and risk. Finally , case studies of the influence of different building ponents on OST of a residential room in Beijing have been studies , which shows that OST depends upon building structures as well as weather conditions . It is remended that OST rather than ODT should be employed in heating load calculation hence , sizing equipment for space heating systems . Key words: Heating load calculation。建議 OST 而不是 ODT 應(yīng)該用于采暖負(fù)荷計(jì)算，因此應(yīng)安裝設(shè)備空間加熱系統(tǒng)。戶 外設(shè)計(jì)條件 。Residential buildings。這短時(shí) 間要求嚴(yán)格控制、高度協(xié)作的過(guò)程 ,包括從第一天所有的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員。 The addition of a phase change thermal storage tank coupled with a groundloop heat exchanger to capture and reuse otherwise wasted thermal energy, furthering the efficiency of the water based HVAC system. 然而房子的目的是演示實(shí)踐和技術(shù)目前在住宅建筑市場(chǎng)。在集水器之后的回水連接管上，應(yīng)安裝泄水管并加裝平衡閥或其他可關(guān)斷調(diào)節(jié)閥。每套分、集水器負(fù)責(zé) 4—8 套分戶系統(tǒng)的供回水。具有換向和鎖閉功能，對(duì)采暖、供水系統(tǒng)一戶一組可以控制通斷，非破壞性不能開啟，實(shí)現(xiàn)有效控制。 安裝要點(diǎn) 安裝位置、高度、進(jìn)出口方向必須符合設(shè)計(jì)要求，連接應(yīng)牢固緊密。 本設(shè)計(jì)的自動(dòng)排氣閥選擇 ZPⅠ 型自動(dòng)排氣閥，其外形尺寸為： 15890125截止閥 適用于切斷和流通管道介質(zhì)，適用全啟全閉的場(chǎng)合，也可作調(diào)節(jié)用。 缺點(diǎn)：介質(zhì)流動(dòng)阻力大；結(jié)構(gòu)長(zhǎng)度較大。因此，要求系統(tǒng)要有 10%以上的富裕度。 例如：對(duì)于 1 號(hào)管段，熱負(fù)荷為 1490W，當(dāng)Δ t=25℃時(shí)，利用公式（ 94）計(jì)算可得 G= 1490/25=。 39。 管道的布置 1. 干管的布置 供回水干管設(shè)置在管道井中，每個(gè)用戶都從干管上接出一個(gè)支管，而形成各自的獨(dú)立環(huán)路以便于分戶計(jì)量。 在計(jì)算過(guò)程中，為使并聯(lián)環(huán)路的壓力平衡，往往需要提高個(gè)別管段的流速，此時(shí)應(yīng)控制使之不超過(guò)允許流速。 水力計(jì)算的方法 熱水供暖系統(tǒng)的水力計(jì)算，可分為等溫降法和變溫降法。 在垂直單管或雙管供暖系統(tǒng)中，同一房間的兩組散熱器可以串聯(lián)連接；貯藏室、盥洗室、廁所和廚房等輔助用室及走廊的散熱器，可同臨室串聯(lián)連接。 散熱器的布置 布置散熱器應(yīng)注意以下規(guī)定 l、散熱器宜安裝在外墻窗臺(tái)下，這樣能迅速加熱室外滲入的冷空氣，阻擋沿外墻下降的冷氣流，改善外窗對(duì)人體冷輻射的影響，使室溫均勻?！妫?。 (2) 散熱器片數(shù)的計(jì)算 散熱器片數(shù)的計(jì)算可按下列步驟進(jìn)行： 利用散熱器散熱面積公式求出房間內(nèi)所需總散熱面積 (由于每組片未定，故先按 1計(jì)算 )； 1) 得出所需散熱器總片數(shù)； 2) 確定房間內(nèi)散熱器的組數(shù) m； 3) 將總片數(shù) n 分成 m 組，得出每組片數(shù)； 4) 對(duì)每組片數(shù)進(jìn)行片數(shù)修正，即得到修正后的每組散熱器片數(shù)，可根據(jù)下述原則進(jìn)行取舍； 5) 對(duì)長(zhǎng)翼型散熱器，散熱面積的減少不得超過(guò) ； 6) 對(duì)圓翼型散熱器散熱面積的 減少不得超過(guò)計(jì)算面積的 10﹪； （ 3）散熱器數(shù)量的計(jì)算 確定了供暖設(shè)計(jì)熱負(fù)荷、供暖系統(tǒng)的形式和散熱器的類型后， 就可進(jìn)行散熱器的計(jì)算，確定供暖房間所需散熱器的面積和片數(shù)。 黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 14 8 散熱器的選擇與計(jì)算 本工程選用鑄鐵 GCR4DN25 型翅片管型散熱器 600 120。 采暖系統(tǒng)的確定 可供選擇的系統(tǒng)形式： 按系統(tǒng)循環(huán)動(dòng)力的不同，可分為重力循環(huán)系統(tǒng)和機(jī)械循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。 門窗縫隙滲入冷空氣的耗熱量 在風(fēng)力和熱壓造成的室外壓差作用下，室外的冷空氣通過(guò)門、窗等縫隙滲入室內(nèi)，被加熱后逸出。 維護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)最小傳熱熱阻的校核計(jì)算 校核圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的傳熱阻是否滿足最小傳熱阻的要求 最小傳熱阻 nn wn RttR t )(m in0 ??? ?? （ 62） 0minR —— 最小總熱阻， ； nt —— 冬季室內(nèi)計(jì) 算溫度， C? ； wt —— 冬季室外計(jì)算溫度， C? ； a —— 溫差修正系數(shù)； 黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 5 nR —— 圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)表面換熱熱阻，㎡.176。 54′ 東經(jīng)： 116176。 32 截止閥的選擇與計(jì)算 30 10 輔助設(shè)備的選擇與 計(jì)算 19 水力計(jì)算的基本原理 19 8 散熱器的選擇與計(jì)算 8 保溫外墻的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 3 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書 關(guān)鍵詞 ：采暖系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，熱負(fù)荷，水力計(jì)算