【正文】 xcavating and supporting a rock tunnel (Barton, 1996). When unfavorable conditions are encountered without warning, time schedule and practical consequences are often far greater in a TBM driven tunnel than in a drill and blast tunnel. The unfavorable conditions can be produced by either a rock mass of very poor quality causing instability of the tunnel or a rock mass of very quality (. strong and massive rock mass) determining very low peration rates. However, it is to be observed that when using the full face mechanized excavation method, the influence of the rock mass quality on the machine performance has not an absolute value: the 西南交通大學(xué)本科 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 第 2 頁(yè) influence is in fact to be referred to both the TBM type used and the tunnel diameter. Right from the beginning of its earliest applications, the use of full face mechanized excavation was to overe the limits imposed by local geology, the economic challenges and schedule petitions of the drill and blast method and other socalled traditional excavation methods. A prominent example is given by the recent (from 1995 to 2020) construction of the one tube km long Laerdal Tunnel in Norway, the world’s longest road tunnel. The 100m*m cross section tunnel is being excavation in a Precambrian gneiss, a very good and stable rock mass: the supports are on average only 78 rock bolts plus a 7cm thick shotcrete lining per meter of tunnel. The excavation is carried out by the drill and blast method, which been evaluated to be less expensive and more reliable than the 。 ? The intensities of both the instability phenomena and the induced convergence also increase with increasing diameter of the excavation (Tseng et al., 1998。 in the design of TBM’s for rock and in the definition of special interventions for application to a given situation。 引言 TBM 開(kāi)挖不僅意味著巨額投資，而且可以進(jìn)行快速開(kāi)挖和支護(hù) (Barton, 1996)．在無(wú)預(yù)警的情況下遇到不良地質(zhì)條件，從時(shí)間和實(shí)際產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果來(lái)講采用 TBM 方法進(jìn)行隧道掘進(jìn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)比采用鉆爆法快得多。 了解此情況后，該論文試圖解釋在不良地質(zhì)條件下使用 TBM 進(jìn)行隧道掘進(jìn)所 西南交通大學(xué)本科 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 第 8 頁(yè) 遇到的問(wèn)題。 在開(kāi)挖直徑達(dá)到 m的情況下，在不同質(zhì)量和強(qiáng)度的巖石條件下，還是有純熟經(jīng)驗(yàn)運(yùn)用 TBM 進(jìn)行開(kāi)挖。如果達(dá)不到預(yù)期的目的，沒(méi)有按照原計(jì)劃時(shí)間完成，就會(huì)極大地影響施工。 承包商專業(yè)知識(shí)的重要性，首先，沒(méi)有給予指導(dǎo)和技術(shù)人員以適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)注，事實(shí)上，正是這些人在ＴＢＭ發(fā)揮功效方面，特別是在限定條件下，發(fā)揮著首要的作用 通過(guò)競(jìng)標(biāo)，隧道工程中所要求的克服限定條件所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間和成本應(yīng)該得到客戶的認(rèn)可。 假定ＴＢＭ在任何地質(zhì)條件下都能步進(jìn)，但這種類型的ＴＢＭ不能在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中出現(xiàn)，ＴＢＭ采取的設(shè)計(jì)和特殊的制造性能 事實(shí)上，僅僅從有資質(zhì)的ＴＢＭ制造商那里訂購(gòu)一臺(tái)特別的ＴＢＭ還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠；而基本的還要由使用者，承包商不斷地合作并監(jiān)控機(jī)器的設(shè)計(jì)制造細(xì)節(jié)?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，最可靠的機(jī)器就是能被分解成盡可能少的部件的簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)器(Foster, 1997). 事實(shí)上，基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的 TBM 在維護(hù)和生產(chǎn)運(yùn) 行過(guò)程中會(huì)頻繁發(fā)生很多如下預(yù)期的事件。在隧道進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的階段，設(shè)計(jì)者應(yīng)該考慮到這些限制條件，利用各種有利條件，減小隧道斷面，甚至還要考慮與其他隧道開(kāi)挖平行進(jìn)行。 硬巖ＴＢＭ隧道掘進(jìn) 在隧道進(jìn)行開(kāi)挖過(guò)程中，所面對(duì)的巖石，土壤和環(huán)境條件等一系列實(shí)際問(wèn)題決定了所使用的ＴＢＭ類型和特征的不同。然而，據(jù)觀測(cè)，采取全斷面機(jī) 械開(kāi)挖方法，巖石狀況不會(huì)影響機(jī)械運(yùn)行的絕對(duì)值：實(shí)際的影響因素參考 TBM 類型和隧道直徑。 the time and cost for overing limiting conditions, in a tunnelling project acquired through a petitive