【正文】 備的產(chǎn)業(yè)化取得了實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)步。這些生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)基本形成了我國(guó)的數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)基地。 分析存在上述差距的主要原因有以下幾個(gè)方面。企業(yè)在技術(shù)方面自主創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)，核心技術(shù)的工程化能力不強(qiáng)。從技術(shù)的角度關(guān)注數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)化問(wèn)題的時(shí)候多，從系統(tǒng)的、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的角度綜合考慮數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)化問(wèn)題的時(shí)候少；沒(méi)有建立完整的高質(zhì)量的配套體系、完善的培訓(xùn)、服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等支撐體系。從國(guó)際上來(lái)看，對(duì)我國(guó)數(shù)控技術(shù)水平和產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平估計(jì)大致如下。我國(guó)現(xiàn)在已基本掌握了從數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)、數(shù)控主機(jī)、專(zhuān)機(jī)及其配套件的基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)，其中大部分技術(shù)已具備進(jìn)行商品化開(kāi)發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)，部分技術(shù)已商品化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化。在此階段，由于國(guó)外的技術(shù)封鎖和我國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)條件的限制，數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展較為緩慢。這些都對(duì)加工裝備提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求?？傊罅Πl(fā)展以數(shù)控技術(shù)為核心的先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)已成為世界各發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家加速經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、提高綜合國(guó)力和國(guó)家地位的重要途徑。s process arduousness , plexity and longterm characteristic of domestic numerical control insufficiently。s basic team . Though has made considerable progress in research and development and industrialization of numerical control technology, but we will realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our country, especially there is greater disparity in current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level in industrialization. Though very fast from watching the development of our country vertically, have disparity horizontally more than (pare foreign countries with ) not merely engineering level, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, namely the engineering level disparity between some highgrade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the tendency to expand . Watch from world , estimate roughly as follows about the engineering level of numerical control of our country and industrialization level. the engineering level, in probably backward 10 1 years with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in highquality precision and sophisticated technology. the industrialization level, the occupation rate of market is low, the variety coverage rate is little, have not formed the largescale production yet。 (3)Automatic control technology。 (4)Servo drive technology。 The specialized level of production of function part and ability of forming a plete set are relatively low。 It is difficult to underestimate to add strangling , system ,etc. to the unstandard , foreign blockade of the market。 數(shù)控技術(shù)是用數(shù)字信息對(duì)機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)和工作過(guò)程進(jìn)行控制的技術(shù)，數(shù)控裝備是以數(shù)控技術(shù)為代表的新技術(shù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)制造產(chǎn)業(yè)和新興制造業(yè)的滲透形成的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，即所謂的數(shù)字化裝備，其技術(shù)范圍覆蓋很多領(lǐng)域： (1)機(jī)械制造技術(shù)；(2)信息處理、加工、傳輸技術(shù)； (3)自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)； (4)伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)； (5)傳感器技術(shù)； (6)軟件技術(shù)等。 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)加工和復(fù)合加工機(jī)床快速發(fā)展 采用 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)對(duì)三維曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳幾何形狀進(jìn)行切削，不僅光潔度高，而且效 率也大幅度提高。第二階段是在國(guó)家的 “ 六五 ” 、 “ 七五 ” 期間以及 “ 八五 ” 的前期，即引進(jìn)技術(shù)，消化吸收，初步建立起國(guó)產(chǎn)化體系階段。 。 ，與國(guó)外先進(jìn)水平大約落后 10～ 15 年，在高精尖技術(shù)方面則更大。 。 。 ，對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)前數(shù)控技術(shù)的研究開(kāi)發(fā)、工程化能力較弱；數(shù)控技術(shù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域拓展力度 不強(qiáng)；相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范的研究、制定滯后。蘭州電機(jī)廠(chǎng)、華中數(shù)控等一批伺服系統(tǒng)和伺服電機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)以及北京第一機(jī)床廠(chǎng)、濟(jì)南第一機(jī)床廠(chǎng)等若干數(shù)控主機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)。第三階段是在國(guó)家的 “ 八五 ” 的后期和 “ 九五 ” 期間，即實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)化的研究，進(jìn)入 市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)階段。但過(guò)去因 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、主機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜等原因，其價(jià)格要比 3 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)數(shù)控機(jī)床高出數(shù)倍，加之編程技術(shù)難度較大，制約了 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)床的發(fā)展。 1． 1 高速、高精加工技術(shù)及裝備的新趨勢(shì) 效率、質(zhì)量是先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的主體。 Have not set up related system , perfect training , service work of intact high quality ,etc. and supported the system. . It causes the brain drain, restraining technology and technological route from innovating again , products innovation that the bad machine is made, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning , has often planned the ideal , implement the difficulty. . The autonomous innovation in technology of enterprises is indifferent, the project of key technology is indifferent. The standard of the lathe lags behind, the level is relatively low, it is not enough for new standa