【正文】 one economic sector in one part of the world do not in themselves mitigate the impacts of climate Realising substantial emission reductions from the building sector in the UK and EU is noheless regarded as imperative for meeting the key emission reduction targets developed as part of global efforts to mitigate climate These include the mitment of the UK and the European Community as a whole to an 8 percent reduction in emissions from 1990 levels during the period 2020 to 2020 under the Kyoto The EU 2020 target, now incorporated in the Copenhagen Accord, is a 20 percent reduction in emissions from 1990 levels by This may be increased to 30 percent subject to parable reductions by developed countries and ‘a(chǎn)dequate’ contribution to reductions by developing countries. At the domestic level the UK has set targets leading to an 80 percent reduction in emissions from 1990 levels by 2050 under the Climate Change Act 2020 (‘CC Act’).14 RELATIONSHIP WITH ENERGY SECURITY Energy security is a serious challenge for the UK because of its high levels of energy demand and potential shortages in energy supply. For example, Helm forecasts that severe shortages in supply may occur as early as 202015 – a problem Helm attributes to decades of underinvestment in both ‘clean’ and ‘dirty’ energy The UK is ranked as one of the ‘worst performers’ globally in transitioning to clean energy supplies with only 2 per cent of total primary energy sourced from renewables, pared to 47 per cent in Norway, 29 percent in India and 12 percent in This undersupply is exacerbated by aging infrastructure with a number of coal and nuclear power plants ing to the end of their Energy efficiency can mitigate the risk of energy shortages by lowering levels of energy demand and improving levels of supply. In theory, using energy more efficiently should reduce demand for Lovins argues that energy saved in this way can also be regarded as a discrete source of energy, improving levels of energy This is Lovins’ notion of a ‘negawatt’. A negawatt is a low to zero cost investment option for improving sources of energy supply pared to investing in renewables, nuclear and other sources of THE EPBD FRAMEWORK As part of a package to address these challenges, the EU introduced the EPBD, whichcame into force on 4 January 2020. Under EU law, Member States are afforded flexibilityas to the form and method of implementation of EU directives, and whether to go beyondthe minimum requirements set by the In England and Wales, implementation waseffected by the Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (Englandand Wales) Regulations 2020 (EPB Regs)23 and the Building and Approved Inspectors(Amendment) Regulations 2020 (BAI Regs),24 which amended the Building Regulations2020 (Building Regs).25 On 1 October 2020, the BAI Regs and Building Regs were revoked and their relevantprovisions consolidated into the