【正文】 壓力系數(shù)增加，錨桿的張力也逐漸增加。 側(cè)壓力系數(shù) λ 側(cè)壓力系數(shù) λ 圖 5 錨桿上電信號(hào)的變化 這一分析表明端錨桿在很大程度上控制了巷道的邊幫，以防止變形進(jìn)入巷道空間，屋頂螺栓主要控制巷道的剪切破壞。當(dāng)上幫錨桿應(yīng)力較大時(shí)，下幫錨桿應(yīng)力相對(duì)較小。頂板和底板受剪切破壞后，地表位移大大增加。 In the end， the strata of the roof and floor bee shear failure areas， where roof bolts lose their support function and roof strata gradually fall into arches． Coal from the side walls moves into the roadway,the dislocation and displacement of the roof strata increases， leaving however the integrity of the side coal intact． 2） Side bolts deformed mainly because of tension． When the load on the upper shoulder bolt is large， theload on the lower bolt is small． When the side pressure coefficient λ2． 0， the load on the bolts changes little and the roof bolts deform mainly because of shear． When the strata are destroyed， roof bolts provide a binding force and increase the residual strength of rocks． 3)The collapse of the roadway roof is the worst incident． The coal in the side walls of the roadway and in the roof and floor strata slide along each other and moves into the roadway space． Plastic Dilatancy of the coal in the side walls is obvious． With an increase in the side pressure coefficient， the surface displacement rapidly deforms the roadway． After the destruction of the roof and floor by shearing． the surface displacement increases greatly． Acknowledgements Financial support for this work， provided by the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Mine Safety of the China University of Miningamp。 i)developing conditions for the destruction of the rock surrounding a roadway； ii） the surface displacement of a roof,a floor and side walls ； iii)the mechanism of bolt support and the stress of the bolts in roof and side walls． The similarity experiment consisted of four schemes： vertical stress exerted on a roadway was 0． 50 MPa in each scheme． we allowed horizontal tectonic stress to increase from 0． 25， 0． 50． 1． 00 to 1． 50 MPa and the side pressure coefficient A from 0． 5， 1． 0， 2． Oto 3． 0． 3 Experimental 3． 1 System In order to approximate strata behavior of bolt support in a coal roadway,we used a true triaxial roadway simulation experimental platform developed by China University of Miningamp。 3）巷道頂板塌陷是最嚴(yán)重的事件。 5 結(jié)論 從我們的相似模擬在構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的煤巷錨桿支持，我們得出如下結(jié)論： 1） 構(gòu)造應(yīng)力增加時(shí)，巷道圍巖的破壞加速，由于剪切和彎曲能力的損失，使得階層之間形成軟弱結(jié)構(gòu)面，巷道的頂板和底板的錯(cuò)位在各階層之間越發(fā)明顯。頂板和底板的地層在構(gòu)造應(yīng)力作用下，有可能成為剪切破壞區(qū)。側(cè)壓力系數(shù)增加，巷道表面位移變得迅速，尤其是變形后的頂板和底板的剪切破壞，地表位移也迅速增加。底板的剪切破壞繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大，巖層之間的錯(cuò)位繼續(xù)增加。使用一個(gè) 毫米的導(dǎo)線，用以模擬一根錨桿，銅導(dǎo)線連接導(dǎo)線兩端，導(dǎo)到模型外，并連接到TS3890A 可編程靜態(tài)電阻應(yīng)變計(jì)。 4）、通過各種不同的傳感器連接到電腦，可以實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)各種觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)。該平臺(tái)由三大系統(tǒng)組成，如圖 1 所示，一個(gè)裝載部分，一個(gè)框架和測(cè)試設(shè)備。然而，很少有研究錨桿支護(hù)機(jī)理中存在的構(gòu)造應(yīng)力。 我們還研究了機(jī)械原理和類型的錨桿支護(hù)煤巷函數(shù) 。地層特性的不同受到構(gòu)造應(yīng)力影響不同。 相似實(shí)驗(yàn)包括 4 個(gè)方案：在每個(gè)方案中施加 的垂直壓力在巷道上。 2）、液壓枕是用來加載的六個(gè)面的模型，其中每一個(gè)液壓枕覆蓋一方 。 七 層 主要頂板 六 層 五 層 臨 時(shí) 頂 板 四 層 三 層 巷道 煤礦 :二層 底板 :一層