freepeople性欧美熟妇, 色戒完整版无删减158分钟hd, 无码精品国产vα在线观看DVD, 丰满少妇伦精品无码专区在线观看,艾栗栗与纹身男宾馆3p50分钟,国产AV片在线观看,黑人与美女高潮,18岁女RAPPERDISSSUBS,国产手机在机看影片

正文內(nèi)容

建設(shè)項(xiàng)目管理中英文外文翻譯(完整版)

2025-07-11 02:42上一頁面

下一頁面
  

【正文】 關(guān)鍵詞: 建設(shè)項(xiàng)目 。Construction Project Management—— Value Engineering By:Fredrick ABSTRACT Value engineering is a kind of in the world proved very fruitful way of project management. In our country, with the improvement of socialist market economy, value engineering, whether in theoretical research or practical application aspects, obtained greater progress, and is gradually applied to engineering project management. Due to the construction of the project design stage investment is less, the owners often ignored this phase of the application of value engineering, but the practice proof, design phase is the possibility of managing investment the biggest stage. Therefore, this paper based on the design stage of a construction project, study the application of value engineering. Key Words: construction project。價(jià) 值工程 。 價(jià)值工程做得并不充足的時(shí)候 , 減少成本就變得必要了 。 在過程中如果設(shè)計(jì)師是一個(gè)平等伙伴,這種感覺 會被減少。 它的作用將根據(jù)生命安全要求和建筑物內(nèi)的居民需要而決定 。在價(jià)值工程過程中,他能做到這一點(diǎn)。 建筑專業(yè)人士在他們的職業(yè)生涯中接觸到許多設(shè)計(jì)公 司。最可辨別的的影響發(fā)生是在原理圖的最后和設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)階段的早期。他可以單獨(dú)完成,因?yàn)槊總€(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)成員嚴(yán)格審查設(shè)計(jì)圖紙和規(guī)格 。一旦某個(gè)建議在功能要求的基礎(chǔ)上有可取之處的,然后計(jì)算成本時(shí),會涉及到相當(dāng)數(shù)量的時(shí)間和精力。如果該建議在第一成本的基礎(chǔ)上是健全的話,生命周期成本,可能無法完成,但這樣做的危險(xiǎn)是,第一成本可能無法納入總體儲蓄轉(zhuǎn)化工作壽命期間的結(jié)構(gòu)。這些分析可以通過一個(gè)生命周期成本分析完成。例如,一個(gè)特定的非傳統(tǒng)的加熱系統(tǒng)能有一個(gè)高的基本成本。 生命周期成本在建筑物或建筑系統(tǒng)中的生命初始進(jìn)行探討,運(yùn)行和維護(hù)費(fèi)用,以及未來的利益。 ( 4) 報(bào)告給管理人員。 ( 2) 頭腦風(fēng)暴小組成員坐在一起以想法清單和折騰意見和想法讓別人接受,這個(gè)想法是把盡可能多的想法放在桌面上。當(dāng)然,其中的大部分節(jié)約可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的 。在價(jià)值工程中,這些 觀點(diǎn)想法會被檢查,并在適當(dāng)情況下,成立 下來 。 例如,業(yè)主要加快工作來獲取項(xiàng)目開工建設(shè) 。因?yàn)橄到y(tǒng)將是首要的建筑形象,審美價(jià)值可能比成本更有重量,甚至超過功能。 業(yè)主在設(shè)計(jì)師和專業(yè)施工的幫助下設(shè)置標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 。 價(jià)值工程不僅限于建筑行業(yè),但在整個(gè)商業(yè)界用來幫助分析得到以最小的成本的最佳值的對象工藝和產(chǎn)品。 另一方面, 減少成本 ,認(rèn)為只有減少的意思。 design stage Value engineering and cost reduction are often confused, so that the value engineering in the designer had a bad reputation, however, it is important that value engineering is a process, is to consider the cost of other factors, such as: life cycle cost, quality, durability and maintainability. On the other hand, reduce cost, think only reduced. At the same time they are in rely on a given standard role, we consider in the larger context of the standard, while the other reaction activity is only for budget problem. The project team should be very clear in their processes are involved in. Despite the tight budget reduces life cost, the owners need to know exactly what he or she buys. Value engineering in the process, should the owner to another system reference to buy items or equivalent value system to reduce the cost. In reducing cost in order to save money, he or she is of little value or range less. Value engineering is all designed products in the active part. Value engineering is not done enough time, reduce cost bees necessary. Value engineering provides a better reduction mode, and reduce the cost can be reduced by engineering quality or quantity, save money. Va lue engineering
點(diǎn)擊復(fù)制文檔內(nèi)容
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)推薦
文庫吧 www.dybbs8.com
備案圖鄂ICP備17016276號-1