【正文】 nd cooperative marketing of the industry。 in meetings tourism with Zelinsky (1994) arguing that in the experience of USA, image is a prime pullfactor. In more recent work, the role of image has been reevaluated。因?yàn)榭蛇_(dá)性、營(yíng)銷、投資、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、人力資源和服務(wù)質(zhì)量這些變量都會(huì)影響參與性 (Weber,Ladkin,2021)。Weber,2021)。Lew,Chang,1999。 人 們 普 遍 認(rèn) 為 , 大 多 數(shù) 地 方 商 務(wù) 旅 游 的 經(jīng) 濟(jì) 影 響 是 積 極 的（ Swarbrooke,Horner,2021:77） 。從 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代早期開(kāi)始，在進(jìn)入幾個(gè)省級(jí)中心以后，比如伯明翰，加的夫，格拉斯哥，曼徹斯特，諾丁漢，紐卡斯?fàn)?，?huì)展旅游市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)變得更加激烈。Bradley 等 , 2021)。總的來(lái)說(shuō) ， Law(1987:93)斷言 ， 對(duì)于國(guó)際會(huì)議 ,會(huì)議組織者都被吸引到“具有新鮮的空氣 ,高水準(zhǔn)的設(shè)施和吸引人的形象 ” 的地方，因此，形象的作用和地方吸引力對(duì)會(huì)展場(chǎng)館的選擇也有一定的意義。 在美國(guó)或者西歐個(gè)別地方對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力產(chǎn)生影響的因素與亞洲經(jīng)驗(yàn)較為相似。 Bradley 等 ,2021)。 商務(wù)旅游的成功表明商務(wù)旅游能夠給當(dāng)?shù)貛?lái)大量的非財(cái)政收入，最具意義的是帶來(lái)了形象的提升，落后地區(qū)的重建和當(dāng)?shù)鼐用褡院栏械漠a(chǎn)生(Law,1987。 從國(guó)家層面上說(shuō) ,商務(wù)旅游這一部分的重要性在于強(qiáng)調(diào)這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，某些國(guó)家已經(jīng)特別制定了國(guó)家政策或者戰(zhàn)略來(lái)確保當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng) ,并最大限度地提高會(huì)議會(huì)展 旅游的社會(huì)影響力。Oppermann,1996a。 會(huì)議組織者把越來(lái)越多的心思花在舉辦會(huì)議或展覽的地點(diǎn)上。傳統(tǒng)意義 上 ， 許多會(huì)議包括展覽會(huì) ,會(huì)議的召開(kāi)往往由展覽會(huì)引起。 and, to boost the number of delegates attending conferences in Australia at local, national and international level(Dwyer and Mistilis, 1997). For destinations, the economic impacts of capturing the market of business tourism are potentially considerable. Figure 1 shows the economic impacts of business tourism on localities. It discloses that whilst there are both potential positive and negative impacts, it is generally accepted that the economic benefits of business tourism are positive in most places (Swarbrooke and Homer,2021: 77). In the USA, the hosting of conventions and meetings is viewed as highly beneficial in that they can plement the seasonal fluctuations experienced in leisure tourism activities (Braun and Rungeling, 1992). Success in business tourism has been shown to bring also an array of nonfinancial rewards to localities, the most significant associated with image and profile enhancement, the physical upgrading and regeneration of decaying areas, and the generation of civic pride among residents (Law, 1987。 Oppermann, 1996a。convention centre39。我們?cè)嫉母拍钅Ｐ褪窃O(shè)計(jì)實(shí)證方法的基礎(chǔ)。目的地群體有同質(zhì)旅游的特點(diǎn)嗎？在當(dāng)?shù)芈糜蜗到y(tǒng)中，當(dāng)?shù)氐淖酉到y(tǒng)在不同的接待區(qū)域夠?qū)I(yè)嗎，就像會(huì)展區(qū)域，能共存嗎？這些子系統(tǒng)是否每個(gè)都相互協(xié)調(diào)？承辦一個(gè)會(huì)展活動(dòng)或構(gòu)建旅游網(wǎng)絡(luò)，當(dāng)?shù)氐闹饕厣鞘裁?？那個(gè)目的地要素 是否 促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)芈糜蜗到y(tǒng)未來(lái)的發(fā)展和支持新興的 集群 ？為了會(huì)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展，在目的地要具備什么或應(yīng)該具 備什么？ 回答這些問(wèn)題，我們可以使用波特在 1988年提出的理論模型。例如，一個(gè)旅游目的地需要 企業(yè)來(lái)提供各類活動(dòng)，交通，酒店，住宿等等。Saxena,2021。在這一領(lǐng)域的研究主要關(guān)注產(chǎn)業(yè)模型的推廣，作為一種分析框架，主要用來(lái)評(píng)估旅游目的地的成功和旅游企業(yè)集群在創(chuàng)新中發(fā)揮的作用以及對(duì)社區(qū)發(fā)展所做的貢獻(xiàn) (Go,Williams,1993。盡管波特的研究集中在制造業(yè)，但是這個(gè)理論已經(jīng)擴(kuò)展并應(yīng)用到服務(wù)行業(yè)，就像旅游業(yè)。 雖然工業(yè)區(qū)理論用來(lái)分析當(dāng)?shù)卮怪币惑w化 企業(yè) 在制造業(yè)市場(chǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展條件，但有些學(xué)者曾嘗試把工業(yè)區(qū)理論應(yīng)用于旅游業(yè) (Gets,1993。 關(guān)鍵字： 會(huì)展產(chǎn)業(yè)， 集群 理論，本土發(fā)展， 集群 分析，分?jǐn)?shù)位回歸 在過(guò)去幾十年里，人們對(duì)地理網(wǎng)絡(luò)及其在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中所起的作用越來(lái)越感興趣，這是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)趨向于通過(guò)領(lǐng)土 聚集 和 企業(yè) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的興起發(fā)展起來(lái)的 (Enright, 2021).一個(gè)新興的產(chǎn)業(yè)集中在一些自然資源、市場(chǎng)需求或當(dāng)?shù)丶寄苌稀?Spencer, 2021). Otherwise, as stressed by Michael (2021), the cluster theory is valid in macroregional analysis but presents some drawbacks when applied to small regional environments. The author suggests expanding the concept of cluster to microcluster, the socalled diagonal cluster (diagonal integration in Poon, 1994),??labelled in this way to refer to the concentration of plementary (or symbiotic) firms, which each add value to the activities of other firms, even though their products may be quite distinct. In this sense, diagonal clustering brings together firms that supply separate products and services, effectively creating a bundle that will be consumed as though it was one item. For tourism and other service industries, this is often routinefor example, a tourism destination requires firms to supply the activity, provide transport, hospitality, acmodation, etc. The colocation of many plementary providers adds value to the tourism experience, and the converse may also be true, in that the absence of key services restricts the development of other firms?? (Michael, 2021). In essence, a firm producing a plementary product or service is not a petitor, because its activities add more value to the product than the product alone. Thus, cooperation creates alliances and works, makes better use of skills and resources and encourages innovative business activities which improve local development. The diagonal cluster theoretical framework can also be useful as an interpretive model for the local development of convention destinations. It is a particularly interesting model to apply in the case of Italy because it supports the main guidelines defined by national tourism legislation. The national legislation reform on tourism defines the Tourism Local System (TLS) as ??homogeneous or integrated destinations, also concerning areas which belong to different regions, characterised by an integrated supply of cultural and environmental goods and tourism entertainments, including typical agricultural products and local arts and crafts, or by a wide presence of single or cooperating tourism enterprises?? (Law nr. 135,2021). As the TLS definition reflects cluster theoretical paradigm in the cooperation, integration and homogeneity principles of the Italian tourism industry, this might be useful in exploring some interesting questions. Do groups of destinations exist with homogeneous tourism characteristics? In TLSs, do local subsystems specialised in different hosting segments, such as the convention