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外文翻譯-----中國上市公司偏好股權(quán)融資:非制度性因素-企業(yè)融資(完整版)

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【正文】 d and lower total value of the listed panies. Thus the listed panies prefer to equity fund when need outside financial support in China. 4. Profitability and preference to equity fund Financial Leverage Theory tells us that a small change in pany’s profit may make great change in pany’s EPS (Earnings per share). Just like leverage, we can get an amplified action by use of it. Debt fund can supply us with this leverage, by use of debt fund, these panies which have high level of profitability will get higher level of EPS because debt fund produces more profit for shareholders than interest shareholder shall pay. On the contrary, these panies which have low level of profitability will get lower level of EPS by use of debt fund because debt fund can not produce enough profit for shareholder to fulfill the demand of paying off the interests. Edison International Company has steady amount of customers and many intangible assets, these supply it with high level of profitability and ability to gain debt fund, its debt account to % proportions of its total assets in 1999. Listed panies in developed countries or regions always have high level of profitability. Take US for example, there are many listed panies which have excellent performance in American capital market when do business, such as Morgan, its EPS is $ per share in 1999. Besides it, GM, GE, Coca Cola, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Dell etc. all always are profitable. In Hong Kong, most of those panies whose stock included in Hang Seng Index have the level of EPS more than 1 HKD, many are more than 2 HKD. Such as Cheung Kong (Holdings) Limited, its EPS is HKD. But listed panies do not have such excellent performance in profitability in China inland. Their profitability is mon low. Take the performance of 2020 for example, the weighted average EPS of 8 total listed panies is only Yuan per share, and the weighted average P/B is Yuan per share, percents of these listed panies have negative profit. With low or no profit, the benefit can be gained from debt fund is very little。s top three shareholders holding 40 percent or higher percent of panies’ shares. In some years, the maximum number even is more than 90 percent, indicating that the pany with the implementation of transferred and allotted shares have relatively high concentration rate of shares and major shareholders have absolute control over it. In short, transferring allotting shares and the issuance of additional shares have a certain relevance to the pany39。當(dāng)與其他股東的利益目標(biāo)的沖突 時(shí) ,他們往往損害了其他股東的利益。 我們 利 用的 持股數(shù)量 ,以衡量股權(quán)集中的主要股東的股份數(shù)量。上市公司甚至可 能遭 受債務(wù)資金所造成的財(cái)務(wù)危機(jī)。 1999年, 愛迪生國際公司具有穩(wěn)定的客戶量和許多無形的資產(chǎn),這些 提供 了高層次的 盈利能力來獲得債務(wù) 資金 ,其債務(wù)占 其總資產(chǎn)的 %。這 一 點(diǎn)是 P/B指數(shù)(股價(jià)與賬面價(jià)值) 支持的 ,這通常作為 可以衡量的上市公司的資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量 最重要的指標(biāo)。 2020年3月底, 其股票的市場價(jià)值在 1120億美元,但長期負(fù)債的數(shù)量是零。第三, 股權(quán)融資沒有硬性約束, 如果上市公司選擇 股權(quán)融資 ,他們可以使用 資金 ,永遠(yuǎn)也沒有義務(wù)歸還。 但是,在我國資本市場, 股權(quán)融資的 成本非常低,這是因?yàn)橐韵乱蛩厥牵旱谝唬?新發(fā)行股份的 高 P/E比率(市盈率)。 例如, 優(yōu)序融資 理論認(rèn)為,當(dāng)企業(yè)需要資金 時(shí) ,他們 首先 應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)向內(nèi)部資金(折舊和留存收益),然后再 進(jìn)行債權(quán)融資 ,最后的選擇是股票 融資 。 關(guān)鍵詞:股權(quán)融資,非制度性因素,融資成本 一、前言 中國上市公司偏 好于股權(quán)融資,根據(jù)中國證券報(bào)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示, 1997年上市公司在資本市場的融資金額為 ,其中股票融資的比例是 %,在 1998年和 1999年比例分別為 %和 %,另一方面,債券融資的比例分別是 %, %和 %。統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,從 1970年到 1985年,美日企業(yè)債券融資 占了境外融資的 %,比 股權(quán)融資高很 多。我們應(yīng)該 了解 ,這種“ 資本成 本”的概念是考慮到 有機(jī)會成本投資者,也可稱為預(yù)期收益 , 它包含了無 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)利率的回報(bào),從投資者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資產(chǎn)生的收益風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率。高 P/E比率意味著高的股票發(fā)行價(jià)格,權(quán)益資金成本下降,即使考慮到 在相同的 股息水平 上 。 三、 上市公司資產(chǎn)類型和質(zhì)量和股權(quán)融資偏好 靜態(tài)權(quán)衡理論告訴我們,財(cái)務(wù)杠桿 決定 于 企業(yè)價(jià)自有資本的價(jià)值, 而 價(jià)值從稅收優(yōu)惠,財(cái)政 困境 的成本和代理成本產(chǎn)生。 在中國 , 許多上市公司是由國有企業(yè)改造 而來的 。因此, 在中國進(jìn)行外部融資是,上市公司更傾向于股權(quán) 。此外 還有 大眾,通用,可口可樂, IBM,英特爾,微軟,戴爾等,都始終是盈利的。中國上市公司股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu) 具有 如下特點(diǎn):一,股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)復(fù)雜。在 有 些年,最大數(shù)量甚至是 90% 以上,這表明由于轉(zhuǎn)移及配發(fā)股份 的 實(shí)施公司有相對較 高的股票集中度和大股東擁有絕對控制權(quán)。 5 原文: Chinese Listed Companies Preference to Equity Fund: NonSystematic Factors International Journal of Business and Management
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