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和控制信號,控制和驅(qū)動各種機械和設(shè)備,以實現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)過程機械化、自動化的一門技術(shù)。如圖42:圖42 梯形圖的輸入根據(jù)分揀系統(tǒng)的要求設(shè)計出梯形圖,梯形圖的部分程序如下: 啟動設(shè)備的部分程序 按下啟動按鈕,X000閉合,M20輸出,啟動設(shè)備;按下停止按鈕,則X001斷開,M20為0,設(shè)備停止。 控制系統(tǒng)的程序設(shè)計系統(tǒng)采用三菱公司的GX Developer Version7作為編程軟件。4 控制系統(tǒng)的軟件部分 控制系統(tǒng)的流程圖設(shè)計根據(jù)系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)工藝的要求,分析各個設(shè)備的操作內(nèi)容和操作順序,可畫出程序流程圖,如圖41所示。結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,形式靈活多樣,體積小,是一種小型電子設(shè)備,它可以圖35 FPG光電傳感器原理圖檢測出其接收到的光強的變化。系統(tǒng)選用M18X1X40 電感傳感器,該器件用來檢測鐵質(zhì)材料,接線圖如圖33。適合用于自動控制系統(tǒng)中,進行自動檢測、定位、保護等。共需I/O點22個,16個輸入,6個輸出。如果被某種傳感器測中,通過相應(yīng)的氣動裝置將其推入料箱;否則,繼續(xù)前行。 物流分揀裝置工作過程概述如圖21 所示為物流分揀裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖。另外,由于一個公司或企業(yè)往往無法左右整個行業(yè)的進展,一些大3編號:時間:2021年x月x日書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟頁碼:第47頁 共53頁企業(yè)傾向于開發(fā)適合自己業(yè)務(wù)特點的系統(tǒng),這又進一步造成了實際中接口的障礙。現(xiàn)代化的分揀系統(tǒng)逐漸成為物流機械化系統(tǒng)、信息系統(tǒng)以及管理組織系統(tǒng)的有機組合。為解決上述問題,將PLC技術(shù)應(yīng)用到分揀裝置中用以提高生產(chǎn)效率降低生產(chǎn)成本是一個很好的途徑。物流分揀采用可編程控制器PLC 進行控制,能連續(xù)、大批量地分揀貨物,分揀誤差率低且勞動強度大大降低,可顯著提高勞動生產(chǎn)率。PLC控制的自動搬運物流分揀系統(tǒng)具有很大的柔性,對控制對象和控制要求的增減, 可在本系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)需求稍加修改即可實現(xiàn)。 此文主要講述自動搬運物流分揀系統(tǒng)。由于全部采用機械自動作業(yè),因此,分揀處理能力較大,分揀分類數(shù)量也較多。應(yīng)用PLC技術(shù)結(jié)合氣動、傳感器和位置控制等技術(shù),設(shè)計不同類型物流的自動分揀控制系統(tǒng)。雖然在多數(shù)的分揀系統(tǒng)中,某些作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)還需要有人工的參與,但作業(yè)強度已越來越小,完全由機械完成分揀作業(yè)的自動分揀系統(tǒng)也應(yīng)運而生。阻礙自動化揀選系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的因素有很多,有些則是與我國整個物流業(yè)存在的問題相一致的。雖然在郵政系統(tǒng)外的其它行業(yè),國內(nèi)對自動分揀系統(tǒng)的使用還非常少,但有關(guān)部門和企業(yè)正在為此做出不懈的努力。 系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)要求系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計要求主要包括功能要求和控制要求,進行設(shè)計之前,首先應(yīng)分析控制對象的要求。 確定I/O點數(shù)根據(jù)控制要求,輸入應(yīng)該有2個開關(guān)信號,4個傳感器信號器。對系統(tǒng)中PLC的輸入輸出端子進行分配,如表1 PLC輸入輸出點接線端子圖根據(jù)表一可以繪制出PLC的輸入輸出接線端子圖,如圖32所示圖32 PLC輸入輸出接線端子圖主要是各執(zhí)行元件和傳感器的選擇,并對其作簡要介紹。 它由LC 高頻振蕩器和放大處理電路組成,利用金屬物體在接近這個能產(chǎn)生電磁場的振蕩感應(yīng)頭時,使物體內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生渦流。本系統(tǒng)選用E2KX8ME1電容傳感器,該器件用來檢測鋁質(zhì)材料,接線圖可參考圖33。原理如圖35所示,其中負載可接至PLC。材料隨著傳送帶的運行而前進,遇到傳感器相對應(yīng)的傳感器時,傳感器給PLC發(fā)出信號,同時PLC給對應(yīng)的氣閥發(fā)出信號,于是同組的氣缸開始動作打出材料。首先新建工程,然后就可以編輯梯形圖。這根電纜的一端是接電腦的RS232串口,一端接在PLC的RS422通訊串口上。其主體部分是空氣壓縮機,空氣壓縮機將原動機的機械能轉(zhuǎn)化為空氣的壓力能。在這些領(lǐng)域中,已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)活塞直徑小于20mm的氣缸、寬度為mm的氣閥及相關(guān)的輔助元件,并正在向微型化和系列化方向發(fā)展。輸出流量的選擇,要根據(jù)整個氣動系統(tǒng)對壓縮空氣的需要量再加一定的備用余量,作為選擇空氣壓縮機流量的依據(jù)。冷卻法是利用制冷設(shè)備使空氣冷卻到一定的的露點溫度,析出空氣中超過飽和水蒸氣氣壓部分的水分,降低其含水量,增加空氣的干燥度,吸附法較為普遍,選擇ID20系列的干燥劑。這種注油方法具有潤滑均勻、穩(wěn)定,耗油量少和不需要打的儲油設(shè)備等優(yōu)點。根據(jù)負載的運動狀況,氣缸工作在水平推送工件時,查表取,由得:式中 ——表示理論輸出力,單位為;——負載率;根據(jù)起源供氣條件,確定氣缸的使用壓力,應(yīng)小于減壓閥進口壓力的。故該系統(tǒng)選擇1個ZPU型吸盤有效直徑為的吸盤。設(shè)備窗口是連接和驅(qū)動外部設(shè)備的工作環(huán)境。 組態(tài)控制畫面的設(shè)計打開MCGS組態(tài)環(huán)境這個軟件,進入它的主界面。再對FX系列編程口進行設(shè)置,雙擊FX系列編程口彈出設(shè)備屬性設(shè)置編輯對話框,對它的參數(shù)作如圖66,具體數(shù)據(jù)根據(jù)表61設(shè)置,當設(shè)置好所有參數(shù)后點擊檢查,無誤后點確定。因為在程序設(shè)計過程中,難免會有疏漏的地方,因此在將PLC連接到現(xiàn)場設(shè)備之前,必需進行軟件測試,以排除程序中的錯誤,同時也為整體調(diào)試打好基礎(chǔ),縮短整體調(diào)試的周期。按照控制要求在指定輸入端輸入信號,觀察輸出指示燈的狀態(tài),若輸出不符合要求,則查找原因,并排除之。在此謹向尊敬的導(dǎo)師致以由衷的感謝和崇高的敬意!畢業(yè)設(shè)計的這個機會,好好地總結(jié)一下我在學(xué)校所學(xué)的各門課程,將它們分化理解,合理分類,融會貫通。還有我的兄長們在我成長期間一如既往地給我極大的關(guān)心與鼓舞,在此真誠感謝他們!最后,再次向所有幫助過我,激勵過我,關(guān)心過我的人,致以最誠摯的謝意和最美好的祝福!外文翻譯Application of PLC in the Elevator Control System of Intelligence Building Abstract: trial automation contThe paper mainly discusses one subsystem of intelligence building system: the elevator control system. The PLC strong ability in interference and so on makes the elevator industry one after another to apply the PLC to the elevator control system in order to replace the relay being used in traditional elevator control system. The Application of PLC in the Elevator control system reduces the breakdown rate and efficiently improves the operating reliability of the elevator with safety .The structure of system is also simple and tightly working principle of the elevator control system is: The spot control information is send into the PLC from the customer input devices firstly, then the PLC control cabinet is required to send out the control signal to drive the equipments according to the system demands. The elevator can then proceed the homologous action according to the control request .The paper selects omron C200HE series PLC, introducing parts of signal hookup of the elevator control system and explaining the function of the control cabinet. Lastly the automation programming is introduced. Simulated experiments enunciates that the design method is viable. It can make the personnel of the industry management center to longdistance monitor and control the elevator in control center, to connect the elevator control system with intelligence building industry management system by Ethernet or specialpurpose network such as Lon elevator working state can also be timely not only can realize scientific centralized management of the elevator, but also can lower the elevator maintenance cost etc. It is one of the developing direction of intelligence building elevator control system. Programmable controller for the user, is a noncontact device, the procedures can change the production process. The programmable controller has bee a powerful tool for factory automation, has been widely spread application.Keywords: PLC。 When the elevator is descending, the descending demands are prior to other demands. The Sequential Function Chart (SFC) is adopted during the boxes to form elevator’s executive circuitry design. It is a method specially used in industrial sequential control. The SFC method can describe the system’s working procedure in great detail. For example there is a three layers intelligence building. A subprogram, the calling from the third floor as elevator in the first floor, is shown in Fig. 3 with SFC. When all SFC are drawn and I/O address lists are presented, we can convert the SFC to Ladder Diagram (LD).Considering the strict demands for time and for locked each other ,we introduce working bits to remember working steps. We should write out the working bits control program, which can link together each step and make the previous step as the next step restriction condition. Thus the actual outputs are the logic bination of these working steps. Ⅴ. Conclusion The system program has been debugged pletely at present. Simulated experiment enunciates that the design method is viable. Application of PLC in the elevator control system is an effective method. It can make the personnel of the industry management center to longdistance monitor and control the elevator in control center, to connect the elevator control system with intelligence building industry management system by Ethernet or specialpurpose network such as Lon Works. The elevator working state can also be timely