【正文】 the psychology, mechanics, and economies of particular environments, they also perpetuate distinctions that hinder a more integral approach to the interior as an extension of architecture and even the landscape notable exception is the growth of design and architecture firms accruing expertise in sustainable materials and their applications to the the same time that design firms are identifying themselves with sustainability and promoting themselves as environmentalists, a movement is building to incorporate environmental responsibility within normative the past four decades, efforts have intensified to professionalize the field of interior design and to accord it a status equal to that of the US and Canada the Council for Interior Design Accreditation, formerly known as FIDER, reviews interior design education programs at colleges and universities to regulate standards of , the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design(ICSID)embraces interior design within its purview, defining it as part of “intellectual profession, and not simply a trade or a service for enterprises.”Yet, the education of interior designers remains tremendously variable, with no uniformity of , interior design continues to be perceived as an arena open to the specialist and the perception is indicative of both the relatively short history of the profession itself and the broader cultural forces of inclusion and interactivity that mark a global ：Board of International Research in Design，Design Dictionary Perspectives on Design Terminology，Birkh228。本文主要從單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用上來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)十字路口交通燈智能化的管理，用以控制過(guò)往車輛的正常運(yùn)作。采用先進(jìn)的傳感器和智能優(yōu)化算法來(lái)優(yōu)化交通燈控制系統(tǒng)，將會(huì)是非常有益的。第3部分是就相關(guān)問(wèn)題得出結(jié)論。此外，交通數(shù)據(jù)提取和分類路口使用的人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的圖像處理算法。以前的模型是基本的本體建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)，為下列建立一個(gè)共享的語(yǔ)義豐富的知識(shí)域。該系統(tǒng)采用的圖像來(lái)自安裝了監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)拍攝的路口。此外，國(guó)家的交通燈控制的藝術(shù)方法是簡(jiǎn)要介紹。出于這個(gè)原因，60個(gè)模糊規(guī)則被定義了。此外，為周期時(shí)間估計(jì)的模糊規(guī)則表示如下：“如果天氣條件是晴天，時(shí)間是早晨，天是正常的，平均車輛擁堵是低，則周期時(shí)間短”。此外，所有交通邏輯控制的元素包括概念，關(guān)系，屬性和公理都被這些專家進(jìn)行了評(píng)估和驗(yàn)證。關(guān)鍵詞：超聲波 測(cè)距儀 單片機(jī)前言隨著科技的發(fā)展，人們生活水平的提高，城市發(fā)展建設(shè)加快，城市給排水系統(tǒng)也有較大發(fā)展，其狀況不斷改善，但是，由于歷史原因合成時(shí)間性的許多不可預(yù)見因素，城市給排水系統(tǒng)，特別是排水系統(tǒng)往往落后于城市建設(shè)，因此，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)開挖已經(jīng)建設(shè)好的建筑設(shè)施來(lái)改造排水系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)象。中國(guó)政府也高度重視智能交通系統(tǒng)的研究開發(fā)與推廣應(yīng)用。能向司機(jī)及乘員提前發(fā)出即將發(fā)生撞車危險(xiǎn)的信號(hào)，促使司機(jī)采取應(yīng)急措施來(lái)應(yīng)付特殊險(xiǎn)情，避免損失。后繼的產(chǎn)品可以顯示車后障礙物離車體的距離。系統(tǒng)采用一片STC89C52單片機(jī)對(duì)兩路超聲波信號(hào)進(jìn)行循環(huán)采集。測(cè)量距離的方法有很多種，短距離的可以用尺，遠(yuǎn)距離的有激光測(cè)距等，超聲波測(cè)距適用于高精度的中長(zhǎng)距離測(cè)量。其原理為：檢測(cè)從發(fā)射傳感器發(fā)射超聲波，經(jīng)氣體介質(zhì)傳播到接收傳感器的時(shí)間，這個(gè)時(shí)間就是渡越時(shí)間。這個(gè)信號(hào)恰恰選于噪音水平之上，然而脈沖到達(dá)時(shí)間被定義為脈沖信號(hào)剛好超過(guò)界限的第一時(shí)刻。圖1 電路原理圖中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）譯文 40kHz脈沖的產(chǎn)生與超聲波發(fā)射測(cè)距系統(tǒng)中的超聲波傳感器采用UCM40的壓電陶瓷，它的工作電壓是40kHz的脈沖信號(hào)，這由單片機(jī)執(zhí)行下面的程序來(lái)產(chǎn)生。轉(zhuǎn)至右側(cè)距電路中斷服務(wù)程序jnb ,left。POP ACCPOP PSWRETI 對(duì)于一個(gè)平坦的目標(biāo)，測(cè)量距離包括兩個(gè)階段：粗糙的測(cè)量和精細(xì)的測(cè)量。如果逆向發(fā)生在回波中，決定要不通過(guò)在低氣壓插入振幅。思考：至于為什么不用接收管做放大電路，因?yàn)榉糯蟊稊?shù)搞不好，集成放大電路，還帶自動(dòng)電平增益控制，放大倍數(shù)為76db，中心頻率是38k到40k，剛好是超聲波傳感器的諧振頻率。定時(shí)中斷服務(wù)子程序完成三方向超聲波的輪流發(fā)射，外部中斷服務(wù)子程序主要完成時(shí)間值的讀取、距離計(jì)算、結(jié)果的輸出等工作。通過(guò)脈沖的周期設(shè)置下一個(gè)脈沖。關(guān)外部中斷0 讀取時(shí)間值MOV R7,TH0。IC2是帶有鎖定環(huán)的音頻譯碼集成塊LM567，內(nèi)部壓控振蕩器的中心頻率f0=1/，電容C4決定其帶寬。強(qiáng)度較強(qiáng)的脈沖會(huì)比強(qiáng)度較弱的脈沖超過(guò)界限的時(shí)間早點(diǎn)，因此我們會(huì)認(rèn)為強(qiáng)度較強(qiáng)的脈沖屬于較近的物體。超聲波發(fā)生器內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，它有兩個(gè)壓電晶片和一個(gè)共振板。超聲波發(fā)生器可以分為兩類：一類是用電氣方式產(chǎn)生超聲波，一類是用機(jī)械方式產(chǎn)生超聲波。超聲波傳感器有發(fā)送器和接收器，但一個(gè)超聲波傳感器也可具有發(fā)送和接收聲波的雙重作用。汽車防撞雷達(dá)之所以能實(shí)現(xiàn)防撞報(bào)警功能，主要有超聲波這把無(wú)形尺子, 它測(cè)量最近障礙物的距離, 并告訴給車主。因此，大力研究開發(fā)如汽車防撞裝置等主動(dòng)式汽車輔助安全裝置，減少駕駛員的負(fù)擔(dān)和判斷錯(cuò)誤，對(duì)于提高交通安全將起到重要的作用。目前汽車安全領(lǐng)域被動(dòng)安全研究較多，主要從安全氣囊、ABS(防抱死系統(tǒng))和懸架等方面著手，以保證駕乘人員的安全。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展與汽車科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，公路交通呈現(xiàn)出行駛高速化、車流密集化和駕駛員非職業(yè)化的趨勢(shì)。邏輯交通控制滿足所有的交通燈控制的需求，并能回答的能力問(wèn)題。評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)程的主要目的是顯示發(fā)展的本體和其相關(guān)的軟件環(huán)境的用處。當(dāng)天的參數(shù)是在日歷基礎(chǔ)上基于假期和正常的一天與周期時(shí)間量的關(guān)系預(yù)定義的。在此類別中的所有規(guī)則如表1所示。第4節(jié)介紹交通燈控制的模糊本體的建設(shè)。這些領(lǐng)域之一是智能交通系統(tǒng)。關(guān)鍵詞:模糊本體,智能代理,智能交通系統(tǒng)(ITS),交通信號(hào)燈控制(TLC),孤立的十字路口,圖像處理,人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為城市交通增加的結(jié)果,道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的能力有限和發(fā)展交通工具和方法的技術(shù)方面，許多實(shí)體，關(guān)系，情況和規(guī)則已經(jīng)進(jìn)入交通燈控制域和轉(zhuǎn)化成為一個(gè)知識(shí)領(lǐng)域。The motro vehicle breaking rules and regulations to the crossing is able to take a photo immediately,abstracts and the vehicle shop world range ,one uses the microelectronics technology,the puter and the technology municating by letter are a guide’s,centering on IT and IT industry information revolution is in the ,how,puter art applies more effective union and there is an effect’s brought it’s effect into play with reality is the most popular topic of scientific munity,is also that puter applications is hit by the unparalleled active field main body of a book is applied up mainly from slicing machine’s only realizing intellectualized administration of crossroads traffic light,use operation in controlling the vehicular traffic research has the goal to optimize transportation flow of people and the number of road users constantly increases, and resources provided by current infrastructures are limited, intelligent control of traffic will bee a very important issue in , some limitations to the usage of intelligent tra?c control jams for example is thought to be beneficial to both environment and economy, butimproved trafficflow may also lead to an increase in demand [Levinson, 2003].There are several models for traffic our research we focus on microscopicmodels that model the behavior of individual vehicles, and thereby can simulate dynamics of groups of has shown that such models yield realistic behavior[Nagel and Schreckenberg, 1992, Wahle and Schreckenberg, 2001].Cars in urban traffic can experience long travel times due to inefficient traffic light control of traffic lights using sophisticated sensors and intelligent optimizationalgorithms might therefore bevery of traffic light switching increasesroad capacity and traffic flow, and can prevent tra?c light control is aplex optimization problem and several intelligent algorithms, such as fuzzy logic, evolutionary algorithms, and reinforcement learning(RL)have already been used in attemptsto solve this paper we describe a modelbased, multiagent reinforcement learningalgorithm for controlling traffic our approach, reinforcement learning [Sutton and Barto, 1998, Kaelbling et al., 1996]with roaduserbased value functions [Wiering, 2000] is used to determine optimal decisionsfor each traffic decision is based on a cumulative vote of all road users standingfor a traffic junction, where each car votes using its estimated advantage(or gain)of settingits light to gainvalue is the difference between the total time it expects to waitduring the rest of its trip if the light for wh