【正文】 CATV Community Antenna TeleVisionInitially extended the coverage range of the few existing TVstations using a broadband hardwired distribution workThere is disagreement as to the history and evolution1948Ed Parson of Astoria, Oregon built the first CATV system bystringing twinlead transmission wire from housetop tohousetop. Until 1952 wartime and postwar policiesprevented widespread deployment of overtheair TVbroadcast. This lead to CATVPage 5Community Antenna TV CATVPage 6Milton Jerrold Shapp? 1948? Milton Jerrold Shapp, former governor of Pennsylvania, returned home from the service.? He vacationed at his family home in the Pocono mountains of Pennsylvania and was unable to receive television signals from either the Philadelphia or New York region.? Shapp had a friend who worked as an RF engineer at the Philco Radio plant on Fox Street in Philadelphia. The two decided to erect a large antenna on top of the highest mountain in his Pocono village.Page 7Shapp Forms Jerrold Electronics? They ran twin lead antenna wire down the side of the mountain with some newly created broadband amplifiers appropriately spaced along the route to provide good signal quality. ? Shapp later formed the Jerrold Electronics Company and became a pioneer in the cable industry.? 1950 ? Bob Tarlton built a system in Lansford, PA using coaxial cable on utility poles under a franchise from the city.Page 8Shapp Sells Jerrold? 1967 ? Shapp sells his interest in Jerrold Electronics to General Instrument as he seeks the office of governor for the state of Pennsylvania.? 1972 ? Chuck Dollan and Robert Levy start up Home Box Office.? 1984 ? General Instrument has sold over 1 million addressable settops (converters) world wide.Page 9CATV Evolution? 1986 ? HBO bees the number one premium cable service.? 1991 ? Digital Audio is deployed over cable by several different cable operators providing service by Digital Cable Radio (Music Choice), Digital Music Express (DMX), and the now defunct CD8.? 1992 ? Reed Hunt is appointed to head the FCC by President Clinton, bringing a whole new era to the cable TV industry. Reed Hunt starts out on his path to deregulate cable TV.Page 10Deregulation of Cable? 1994 ? Billions of dollars are generated by the federal government as it sells the right to own specific frequency bands.? The FCC mandates how cable TV is packaged to subscribers, forcing all US cable operators to perform channel lineup changes.? 1995 ? With cable TV fully deregulated, Baby Bells entered the CATV market with tremendous financial resources and start to over build existing cable operators.Page 11Cable Conglomerates? 19951997 ? Cable operators consolidate holdings and many long time cable operators decide to get out of the business. Opportunity exist for larger panies to buyout smaller operators. ? Present? There are now more that 500 US cable panies / systems. However, as more mergers and acquisitions take place, it is not improbable that in the future you will see less than ten major cable panies that possess all of the marbles.Page 12The Future of CATV? Nobody can predict the future, but many industry leaders are trying to direct the industry into a fully functional work provider of services like:? Video service? Inter access? Digital telephone service? Digital audio video? Stock quotes? Large settop manufacturers have already started mass deployment of digital settop terminals to a variety of cable operators.Page 13The Future of CATV? Digital settop units receive 64QAM modulated signals delivering MPEG2 digital video and Dolby AC3 digital audio.? This provides the subscriber with pristine quality video and audio equal to that laser disk or DVD video formats. ? Additionally, future interactive TV services are being developed by programmers. ? Therefore, the prospect of having 500 video channels is not as much of an impossible dream as it was once considered.Page 14B/Wbroadcast standardestablishedFCC deregulatestelemunications1948First munity antenna television (CATV) systems established1970’sSatellitesSuperstationsSpecialty stationsMovie channels1994FCC mandateshow cable TV is packaged to subscribers19961953Colorbroadcast standardestablished1984Stereobroadcast standardestablished1941Time line1991Digital audio(Music Choice, etc.)Timeline History of Cable TelevisionPage 15BroadcastTV Vendors ProgrammersCustomersFranchising AuthorityLocal System OperatorMSO TelcoModern Cable InfrastructurePage 16Television SignalsThe television signal contains 3 types of information that must betransmitted and received without impairment to create a pleteprogram:T