正式文體與非正式文體-文庫吧在線文庫
【正文】 與非正式文體的語言特征 。 ? 正式文體與非正式文體在語言特征方面的差異遠不止這些 。 例如 ， ? INFORMAL: Everybody should look after ? themselves. ? FORMAL: Everybody should look after ? himself. ? INFORMAL: Everyone should do their best. ? INFORMAL: Everyone should do their best. ? FORMAL: Everyone should do his best. ? INFORMAL: I39。 而用 in order that … 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句則常出現(xiàn)于正式文體中 : ? ? INFORMAL: He left early so as not to miss ? the train. ? FORMAL: He left early in order not to miss ? the train. ? FORMAL: He left early in order that he ? would not miss the train. ? (六 )在構(gòu)成 問句時 ， 正式文體常用完整的形式 。 這里僅扼要列舉幾點 : ? (一 )在構(gòu)成比較句型時 ， 使用人稱代詞的主格形式比使用其賓格形 ? 式更顯得正式些 ， ? INFORMAL: Bill speaks French more ? fluently than me. ? FORMAL : Bill speaks French more ? fluently than I. ? (二 )在表達 “ 讓步 ” 概念時 ， 正式文體常使用 yet, however， nevertheless, in spite of (despite), notwithstanding 等詞語 。s it is ? paper newspaper I39。 句 (4)中的 1ook into 是古英語詞匯成分 ， 屬非正式文體用語 。 許多詞典對此都作出了標記 。 家庭成員或親愛者之間常甩這種文體 。這是一種 “ 日常辦事語言 ” (everyday gettingthingsdone language)。領(lǐng)悟的過程是個 解凍 的過程，所以 Martin Joos使用了 frozen這個詞來概括這種文體。 假如在一封非常正式的信中寫道 :It was extremely gracious of you to have invited me to the reception， and I had bags of fun there. 那么就會令人啼笑皆非 ，因為 extremely gracious 聽起是那樣的 正式 、 嚴肅 ， 而 bags of fun 卻顯得那樣的 隨便 、 輕浮 。 不同的交際場合須用不同的文體 。 這五種 使用變體 是 : ? (一 )莊嚴的文體 (the Frozen Style。它是專門用來提供信息的，其代碼標志是 may這個詞。 不拘禮節(jié)的一般性互訪或與朋友偶遇街頭時 ， 均可使用這種文體 。 正式文體常使用正式用語 (formal words)。s 5th ? symphony. ? (3) The police are investigating the case of ? murder. ? (4) The police are looking into the case of murder. ? ? Take part in ? Participate in anticipate ? Partake ? 句 (1)中的 conclude源于拉丁語 ， 常用于正式文體 。t will not ? TV television there39。 ? 正式文體則常用與之同義的 單個動詞 。 ? 非正式文體 則常用 so， because 或其它形式的表示原因的從句 。 試比較 : ? INFORMAL: If he was my friend, I would ask ? him for help. ? FORMAL: If he were my friend, I would ask him ? for help. ? INFORMAL: If it was to rain tomorrow, I would ? not go there. ? FORMAL: If it were to rain tomorrow, I should ? not go there. ? INFORMAL: I wish I was ten years younger. ? FORMAL: I wish I were ten years younger. ? INFORMAL: If I had known, I would have ? told you earlier. ? FORMAL: Had I known before, I would ? have told you earlier. ? INFORMAL: He looks as if he was (is) ill. ? FORMAL: He looks as if he were ill. ? (八 ) 由引導(dǎo)詞 it 起始的句子 (如 it is said that … ) 多見于正式文體 。 如 : ? INFORMAL: I took no notice of him so he ? flew into a rage. ? FORMAL: I took no notice of him so that ? he flew into a rage. ? INFORMAL: She cooks turkey the way her ? sister does. ? FORMAL: She cooks turkey in the way her ?
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