【正文】 e north. The townspeople were used to the light continuous sounds of the mountain, but in May, 1902 Pelee started to get really unstable. Clouds of steam and ash poured from the volcano and on May 8, Pelee erupted. Superheated gas and steaming volcanic ash flew out, pouring down the mountain at high speed. Within seconds, the deadly gas cloud had destroyed the town of St. Pierre and incinerated everyone in it — except one prisoner in a basement cell. It was the worst volcano disaster of the 20th century. 56. How many people died because of the eruption on April 10, 1815 ? A. About 10,000. B. More than 82,000. C. About 36,000. D. More than 92,000. 57. The underlined word “incinerated” in the last paragraph can be replaced by “_____”. A. brought up B. burned up C. woke up D. shut up 58. Only one prisoner survived the volcano eruption of Mont Pelee on May 8 because _____. A. he was on a ship then B. he was kept underground C. he stayed in the water D. he was hidden in a well 59. We can know from this article that _____. A. no measures can be taken to protect people from a volcano eruption B. volcanoes usually caused a series of earthquakes C. sometimes a volcano can pletely destroy a city D. volcanoes are much more violent than the earthquakes B Environmental health is defined as the control of the factors (因素 ) in the environment that may have harmful effects on people’s physical, mental, or social wellbeing (安樂 ). Because natural disasters expose people to danger by bringing up or threatening their immediate environment, effective management of environmental health after a natural disaster is of great importance. The environmental health measures that must be considered after a natural disaster include the supply of appropriate shelter for individuals or groups of people left homeless, the distribution (分配 ) of safe and accessible water, and the protection and distribution of safe food products and so on. To effectively manage environmental health during and after a disaster, it is important that a state of preparation is in effect before the event actually occurs. During an emergency, success largely depends on making good, rapid judgment and appropriate response measures. Highlevel decision makers, therefore, must be familiar with sound measures beforehand and should be given an accurate judgment of the disaster’s specific effects as quickly as possible. This book is intended to serve as a guide for those who may be called upon to make emergency decisions after disaster strikes. The remended environmental health measures have been listed in the order of priority in which they should be taken during an emergency. However, each natural disaster is unique in the degree or type of emergency. In response to any given disaster, decision makers may find it necessary to change the priority assigned to any particular measure. 60. The first paragraph is mainly to _____. A. tell the reader how to understand environmental health B. express why environmental health after a natural disaster is important C. describe the terrible scene that is caused by the natural disasters D. give advice on how to deal with the management of environmental health 61. In order to effectively cope with the emergency, the most important is that _____. A. we should have enough shelters and tools B. everyone should be familiar with the situation C. we should be well prepared for it in advance D. we can deal with it just as we did before 62. We can’t do just as the remended environmental health measures because _____. A. some of the measures have not been taken before B. they are not the same according to different degrees or types of emergency C. they are probably made up by someone without experience D. they can’t be changed once they are taken by the experts 63. The best title of this passage should be _____. A. Environmental Health Management after Natural Disasters B. The Bad Influence of the Natural Disasters C. Useful Measures to Avoid the Natural Disasters D. The Importance of the Environmental Health Management C Can people change their skin colour without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson? Perhaps yes. Scientists have found the gene that determines skin colour. The gene es in two versions, one of which is found in 99 per cent of Europeans. The other is found in 93 to 100 per cent of Africans, researchers at Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science. Scientists have changed the colour of a darkstriped zebrafish to uniform gold by inserting a version of the pigment(色素 ) gene into a young fish. As with humans, zebrafish skin colour is determined by pigment cells, which contain melanosomes(黑色素 ). The number, size and darkness of melanosomes per pigment cell determines skin colour. It appears that, like the golden zebrafish, lightskinned Europeans also have a mutation(變異 ) in the gene for melanosome production. This results in less pigmented skin. However, Keith Cheng, leader of the research team, points out that the mutation is different in human and zebrafish genes. Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about million years ago to protect bodies from ultraviolet rays of the sun(太陽光紫外線 ), which can cause skin cancer. But when modern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes, they need more sunlight on their skin to produce