【正文】 : Variation in Voting Machines Methods Caused Major Election Controversy 事例： 2023年美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選： 投票機(jī)器與方式的不一致導(dǎo)致重大選舉紛爭(zhēng) GMS Orientation Standardization GMDAT/DIMC Confidential Version Date Slide 8 GMS Standardization 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 ―THE WEDGE‖ TO STABILIZE BEST PRACTICE ―楔子”楔牢最優(yōu)方法 Change 改變 World Class 世界領(lǐng)先水平 GMS Orientation Standardization GMDAT/DIMC Confidential Version Date Slide 9 GMS Standardization 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 A Standard Is The Best Current Practice Based On Many People’s Experience Lessons Learned, so… 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是基于多數(shù)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)得來最優(yōu)現(xiàn)行方法，所以 … DON’T SHORTCUT THE STANDARD!!! 切勿縮短標(biāo)準(zhǔn)！?。? BAD THINGS COULD HAPPEN, ESPECIALLY SAFETY QUALITY PROBLEMS 不良的事故會(huì)發(fā)生，尤其是安全及質(zhì)量問題。 ? Areas of Focus 重點(diǎn)區(qū)域 1) Tools 工具 2) Inventory/Storage 庫存 /儲(chǔ)存 3) Equipment 設(shè)備 Keep needed Items 保留必要東西 Remove unneeded Items (waste) 清除不必要東西（廢料） The Most Difficult thing for us to do… 這是最難做到的 … 1 Sift/Clear (?? ) GMS Orientation Standardization GMDAT/DIMC Confidential Version Date Slide 23 GMS Red Label Campaign Sift/Clear 整理 1 Sift/Clear (?? ) If In Doubt – Throw It Out! 毫不猶豫扔掉 GMS Orientation Standardization GMDAT/DIMC Confidential Version Date Slide 24 GMS Sort/Standardize 整頓 A Place for everything . . . and everything in its place 所有工作的場(chǎng)地，所有工作井井有序。 We Must Control The Balance to Be Sure That We Are Neither to Strict With Standardization, Nor Too Flexible. 我 們 必 須 控制 這個(gè) 天平以確保 既 不要 死 守 也不 要 脫 離 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)化 BUT… GMS Orientation Standardization GMDAT/DIMC Confidential Version Date Slide 44 GMS Lego Exercise GMS Orientation Standardization GMDAT/DIMC Confidential Version Date Slide 45 GMS Standardized Work Basics WHY ? What will happen if standard is not followed 若不遵守 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn) 會(huì)怎樣 ？ Why is it important? 為 什 么 重要 WHAT What to do?做什 么 ? Work Elements With Times vs. Takt 工作要素 時(shí)間與 生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍 HOW How to do it?怎樣 做 ? Work Sequence/Diagram 工作次序 /圖表 ? Key Points For Safety Efficiency 安全 效率要點(diǎn) ? Quality Points Checks 質(zhì) 量要點(diǎn) 與檢查 點(diǎn) GMS Orientation Standardization GMDAT/DIMC Confidential Version Date Slide 46 GMS Cycle Time 001L Actual Takt Time 5” 4” 3” 2” 1” Time Standardized Work Basics Make Waste Visible!!!暴露 浪 費(fèi) ?。?！ Work Flow Diagram 工作流程表 Time Chart 時(shí)間 表 Waste of Motion! 動(dòng) 作浪 費(fèi) NonValue Added!非增殖 時(shí)間 Value Added 增殖 時(shí)間 Wait Time! 等待 時(shí)間 GMS Orientation Standardization GMDAT/DIMC Confidential Version Date Slide 47 GMS Provides an overview of the elements and their times in the correct sequence for one job Identifies important key points using symbols Ensures standard across shifts via signoff Documents changes to the Standardized Work Documents work location Visualizes worker movement via sketch. Symbol MOVING LINE STANDARD OPERATION SHEET Group / team JOB NAME Operation: S Element Name y s Work m t element b e Registered Handwork/Model o p Number l Total handwork / walking by model sec. Cycle time sec. Volume % Weighted average Return Walk (R3) (R2) (R4) (IR) (L3) (L1) (L4) (R1) (L2) (IF) (E) (CF) (CR) (T) C Quality Checks Safety for Operator Critical Process for CR T L4 IR L3 IF L2 L1 CF E SUB MAT Location LH Frequency CR T R4 IR R3 IF R2 R1 CF E SUB MAT Location RH Frequency Cycle Time Chart weighted average cycle time Option or Model Time Volume % s Walk Time walking Actual Takt Time Signature Team Ldr Superv. Shift Mgr. Shift A Shift B Shift C Revisions Mo./Yr. Sign. What Change Confirmation of Adherence Date Signature Visualizes . Vs. Cycle Times of the job via the Cycle Time Chart Elements Of Good Standardized Work (?? ????? ?? ) GMS Orientation Standardization GMDAT/DIMC Confidential Version Date Slide 48 GMS ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ?????? ???? . ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? (Shift? ??? ?? ) ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? Symbol MOVING LINE STANDARD OPERATION SHEET Group / team JOB NAME Operation: S Element Name y s Work m t element b e Registered Handwork/Model o p Number l Total handwork / walking by model sec. Cycle time sec. Volume % Weighted average Total Return Walk (R3) (R2) (R4) (IR) (L3) (L1) (L4) (R1) (L2) (IF) (E) (CF) (CR) (T) C Quality Checks Safety for Operator Critical Process for CR T L4 IR L3 IF L2 L1 CF E SUB MAT Location LH Frequency CR T R4 IR R3 IF R2 R1 CF E SUB MAT Location RH Frequency Cycle Time Chart weighted average cycle time Option or Model Time Volume % s Walk Time walking Actual Takt Time Signature Team Ldr Superv. Shift Mgr. Shift A Shift B Shift C Revisions Mo./Yr. Sign. What Change Confirmation of Adherence Date Signature ??? ?? ?? (?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ) Elements Of Good Standardized Work 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)化工作要素 GMS Orientation Standardization GMDAT/DIMC Confidential Version Date Slide 49 GMS Use as basis for training Problem Solving 作 為 培 訓(xùn) 問題 解 決 的基點(diǎn) Must support the user be posted visually 有利于 操作者或 張貼 到明 顯處 User involved in development 操作者 參 加改 進(jìn) Always respect Std. Work of others 尊重 他人的 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)化工作 Perform regular checks of Std. Work 定時(shí)檢查 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作 Final Notes on Standardized Work 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)化工作后注 GMS Orientation Standardization GMDAT/DIMC Confidential Version Date Slide 50 GMS Final Notes on Standardized Work 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)化工作后注 The True Test of Good Standardized Work is When Someo