【正文】 keep sb doing 讓某人一直做某事 keep sth done 使某事被做 Leave the baby crying leave your work half done Keep me waiting for half an hour Keep the window locked 其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的 ， 意思上的主語并不是句子的主語 。 the meeting which is being held==? the patient who is being operated on==? the road which is being widened==? the building being built （ 強調(diào)正在被建造） ==the building which is being built building（ 主語）是動作的接受者，所以應(yīng)該用被動 done用作后置定語，表示 被動 ，同時表示 過去的時間 , 這種結(jié)構(gòu)中一般都用 及物動詞 。 分 詞 Participle 一 .概念 : 是非謂語動詞一種形式 , 分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種 . 主動 被動 肯定 否定 肯定 否定 一般 doing not doing being done not being done 完成 having done not having done having been done not having been done done not done 分詞的形式 以上表格需牢牢記?。? 分詞各種形式的意義： doing表示 主動 的動作，又 經(jīng)常發(fā)生 或者 正在發(fā)生 的含義； having done也表示 主動 ，但是強調(diào) 已經(jīng)發(fā)生 的動作（或者動作有明顯的先后順序）； The road leading to the park was built last year. The boy standing there is my brother. === The road which leads to the park was built …. ===The boy who is standing there is my … Having finished my homework, I watched TV. Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the place very well. === After I finished my homework, I watched … ===Because he has studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the … 比較： Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. being done表示 被動 動作，同時表示 正在進行 的動作； having been done表示 被動 ，表示明顯的 先后 或者 已經(jīng)發(fā)生 的動作（通常要找到相應(yīng)的時間副詞）； Having been told many times, he still could not understand it. == Although he had been told many times, he still …. Having been shown the labs, the guests were asked to visit the offices. == After the guests had been shown/ were shown the labs, they were asked … The house being built now will be our office building. == The house which is being built now will be our …. Being painted, the room gives out a bad smell. == Because the room is being painted, it gives out a … 每個分詞的用法都遵循以上規(guī)則。 the castle built in the 17th century == the castle which was built in the … the building which was damaged in the big fire==? the man who was hurt in the accident==? the meeting which was held last week==? the guests who were invited to the party==? the language which is spoken in Germany==? the trees which were cut down every year==? the books which were written for children ==? Think it over ! Can we say : the soldiers died in the war the accident happened / took place yesterday We should say: The soldier who died in the war The accident which happened/ took place yesterday Attention! die沒有被動，不符合過去分詞的用法 F F我們一般不說： The girl having won the race is my deskmate. 而常這樣說： The girl who has won the race is my deskmate. 完成體的分詞一般不作定語 ，若要表達完成意義 , 最好 用定語從句 。 generally speaking一般說來 /talking of (speaking of) 說到 strictly speaking 嚴格的說 /judging from 從 …判斷 all things considered 從整體來看 / considering his age taking all things into consideration 全面看來 4) 插入語 Judging from