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文獻(xiàn)翻譯:電子商務(wù)與旅游業(yè)-文庫(kù)吧在線文庫(kù)

  

【正文】 uppliers within a destination and are not engaged in the booking process. The upstream flow of fig. 1 consists of product information, whereas the downstream flow reports on market behavior, mostly represented in terms of statistical aggregates. Both information flows create a tourist information network tying together all market participators and, apparently, reflecting the economic relationships between them. 2 Business is Changing New Products and ServicesThe Web leads both to new ways to meet changing consumer behavior – they are less loyal, tend to make more, but shorter vacations, the time between decision making and consumption decreases – and to an “informatization” of the entire tourism value chain. This allows different strategies to generate value [11]: Travel and tourism represents approx. 11% of the world wide GDP (following the tourism satellite account method of the World Travel amp。更多的專(zhuān)業(yè)服務(wù)的部署,靈活的網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置和進(jìn)一步整合會(huì)形成機(jī)敏消費(fèi)者市場(chǎng),整合所有利益相關(guān)者。6.機(jī)動(dòng)性。旅游推薦提出關(guān)于其復(fù)雜性和無(wú)形的旅游產(chǎn)品的特殊要求。旅游是一種特殊的文化遺產(chǎn),是一個(gè)享有特權(quán)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域?yàn)橹悄苄畔⒔榻B技術(shù)[10]。2.信息集成。交叉的研究和開(kāi)發(fā)工作已經(jīng)在著手解決旅游及旅游業(yè)應(yīng)用上述主題,并取得了一些顯著的成績(jī)。這導(dǎo)致了市場(chǎng)的一種進(jìn)化,形象地描述為一個(gè)進(jìn)行中的相互影響的集中(例如,如美國(guó)與全國(guó)各大網(wǎng)站,例如Expedia在線旅行,Orbitz或Travelocity)和同步的新進(jìn)入的新成員。最新評(píng)論的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和合作的同時(shí),在邊界行業(yè)內(nèi)是模糊的,所有類(lèi)型的市場(chǎng)參與者都受影響。4. 價(jià)值創(chuàng)造:把重點(diǎn)放在網(wǎng)絡(luò)效應(yīng),例如,游客們?cè)谝粋€(gè)目的地參與服務(wù)的定義和規(guī)劃。而中介機(jī)構(gòu)在右邊可以被看作是“專(zhuān)業(yè)”連接供給與需求之間(主要是基于電子基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)和功能的CRS /(GDS),左側(cè)是相關(guān)的管理、規(guī)劃和品牌的一個(gè)目的地。所有這些反過(guò)來(lái)使其建立起相應(yīng)的信息和價(jià)值的長(zhǎng)鏈。95%的企業(yè)是非常小的,例如有的企業(yè)只有1 9名員工;5. 供給與需求面形成一個(gè)世界范圍的網(wǎng)絡(luò),兩種生產(chǎn)和分配規(guī)律是基于合作。預(yù)測(cè)到2007年30%的B2C交易在歐洲的德國(guó)將在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上完成。但是,拋去其強(qiáng)硬的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題和數(shù)量稀少旅客,電子商務(wù)在諸如旅游和旅游業(yè)的網(wǎng)上交易的一些部門(mén)依然不斷增加。在2002年美國(guó)在線旅游市場(chǎng)增長(zhǎng)了45%至27億元。特別是旅游產(chǎn)品與情感體驗(yàn),有趣但并不僅僅是業(yè)務(wù)。游客不得不離開(kāi)自己的日常環(huán)境消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品。對(duì)于這些公司在泛函數(shù)微分在同一水平為“大”的成員,像航空公司。這允許不同的策略來(lái)產(chǎn)生價(jià)值[11]:1. 增加價(jià)值的提取效率,降低物流成本,如:自動(dòng)化的具體進(jìn)程或外包給客戶,自我入住酒店的客人或航空公司的乘客。同樣,旅游業(yè)也成為了新入者的發(fā)展領(lǐng)域,不論是初創(chuàng)企業(yè)還是公司來(lái)自媒體和IT領(lǐng)域。4. 旅游經(jīng)營(yíng)者基于規(guī)模化定制和靈活的配置(例如,意大利操作員科斯塔Crociere已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)了一種個(gè)性化的巡航建造者),總是將個(gè)體之間和包裝旅游的邊界模糊。技術(shù)——基于一種普遍深入人心的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施——將變得透明,對(duì)消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō)是無(wú)形的;信息就會(huì)出現(xiàn)在家中、工作中和在旅行中。旅游信息門(mén)戶網(wǎng)站仍然很大程度上基于非結(jié)構(gòu)化的信息。這個(gè)應(yīng)用程序的核心部件是一個(gè)開(kāi)發(fā)AI規(guī)劃技術(shù)的媒介,是一個(gè)領(lǐng)域模型(含一種本體論),它結(jié)合一套公理描述之間的映射關(guān)系與綜合性數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源。建議系統(tǒng)建會(huì)推薦產(chǎn)品并未消費(fèi)者提供建議的產(chǎn)品信息以便于決策。該技術(shù)在旅游業(yè)有重大影響(見(jiàn),例如,歐洲計(jì)劃[3])。面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是一個(gè)上敏感的、個(gè)性化、有效的考慮約束條件下的無(wú)所不在的訪問(wèn)的互動(dòng)模型。 and in Europe the online travel increased by 67%, making up % of the total market (according to the Danish Center for Regional and Tourism Research, ). In the same year 32 % of US travelers have used the Internet to book travel arrangements (see ). And [9] forecasts that by 2007 30% of all B2C transaction in the European German speaking countries will be done via the Internet. However, other market research institutes publish other, both higher and lower, numbers. These statistics have the problem that they are based on varying, either broad or narrow, definitions: either distinguishing between ebusiness and emerce (seeing the latter as part of the first) or not, and using different variables and measurement methods. But even when following different definitions, all the statistics given for the travel domain point upwards. However, all those definitions fall short in one important aspect as we can see in the tourism case: they are all transaction and business oriented and ignore the fact that the Web is also a medium of curiosity, of creating munities or having just fun, all of which may or may not result into business. Especially the tourism product has to do with emotional experiences, with fun。 The supply and the demand side form a worldwide network, where both production and distribution are based on cooperation. Tourists are addressed by more players, and they are also playing a more active role in specifying their services (., using reverse auctions sites). information will be available at home, at work and during travel. In such a scenario IT systems should Internet travel sites are further enhancing providing new market functionality and technology, focusing on personalized intelligent tools for travelers (see the remendation functionalities used by major sites). ii) the tourism product itself is a bundle of basic products. To support the rather plex bundling products must have well defined interfaces with respect to consumer needs, prices or also distribution channels.Tourism is an information based business, the product is a “confidence good“。 tourism industry as a global (and a globalization) industry shows very specific features:四、結(jié)論旅游和旅游業(yè)表明電子商務(wù)將如何會(huì)改變這個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)和商業(yè)運(yùn)作的方式,并且這樣的制造程序也帶來(lái)了新的商機(jī)。例如,服務(wù)尋找或整合資訊供應(yīng)者,最終需要直接開(kāi)發(fā)資源用在其他沒(méi)有被中心服務(wù)器要求或申請(qǐng)過(guò)得結(jié)點(diǎn),在這里結(jié)點(diǎn)可以直接加入并整合在一個(gè)特定的方式中。在這些應(yīng)用中用戶關(guān)于對(duì)他的需要和系統(tǒng)被明確的要求,包括約束和基于內(nèi)容過(guò)濾技術(shù)、交互式查詢(xún)管理、和過(guò)濾寫(xiě)作方法的變化趨勢(shì)或基于實(shí)例推理的,等級(jí)建議提取結(jié)構(gòu)化的目錄。3.信息的簡(jiǎn)報(bào)。這個(gè)問(wèn)題通過(guò)包覆技術(shù)得到妥善解決來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)高度精確提取規(guī)則,適應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)的改變網(wǎng)站確保正確的抽取數(shù)據(jù)([5],[6])。他們會(huì)支持整個(gè)消費(fèi)生命周期和所有商業(yè)階段;3. 使各自的參與者擁有充分的自主權(quán),而是增強(qiáng)合作行為,為供應(yīng)商提供復(fù)雜工具以及進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置;4. 移動(dòng)和固網(wǎng)服務(wù)的整合,促成服務(wù)的多渠道訪問(wèn),提供像先前描述的所有不同類(lèi)型的成員;5. 支持細(xì)心的用戶界面和通過(guò)廣泛的開(kāi)發(fā)的用戶模型的個(gè)性化,考慮到用戶的行為、認(rèn)知以及感情方面。6. 供應(yīng)商將日益形成同盟和支持電子直銷(xiāo),增加價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和價(jià)格,重新分化過(guò)程,如電子的票務(wù)客戶或自動(dòng)登機(jī)手續(xù)。一個(gè)可以觀察進(jìn)一步專(zhuān)業(yè)化的趨勢(shì)并不斷解構(gòu)由成員和產(chǎn)品并聯(lián)集成的價(jià)值鏈。3. 價(jià)值增長(zhǎng):一個(gè)線性組合價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品及服務(wù),創(chuàng)造更豐富的產(chǎn)品捆綁,例如,新服務(wù)品質(zhì)為消費(fèi)者通過(guò)將無(wú)線服務(wù),以現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)站給游客建議購(gòu)買(mǎi)他們的服務(wù)。CRS / GDS(中央預(yù)訂系統(tǒng)/全球分銷(xiāo)系統(tǒng)),出于航空訂票系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)發(fā)展了他在60年代,還涉及其他產(chǎn)品,如打包度假,或者其他方式的交通工具。這一特點(diǎn)的旅游產(chǎn)品信息都需要消費(fèi)者和供應(yīng)商兩個(gè)方面,面對(duì)高信息搜尋成本,導(dǎo)致信息市場(chǎng)的不完善。例如,在歐盟的飯店和餐廳部門(mén)占了超過(guò)130萬(wàn)個(gè)企業(yè),。同年美國(guó)32%的旅客已使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)預(yù)訂旅游安排()。信息學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯系 別 電子商務(wù)系 專(zhuān) 業(yè) 電子商務(wù) 姓 名
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