【正文】 other,” “also,” and “finally.” Each transition makes the reader aware that one element of the myth is being introduced.3. The body of Dunayer’s essay is made up of four pairs of paragraphs (paragraphs 3 and 4。 see paragraphs 5 through 26.10. b Helene cries over Richard’s humiliation。 9 and 10). What is the relationship between the paragraphs in each pair? In which of the two paragraphs does Dunayer present her own perspective? Why do you think she puts her own perspective in that paragraph?Answer:In the first paragraph of each pair, Dunayer presents one part of the alcohol myth. She begins each second paragraph with a topic sentence that represents her perspective. She then goes on to support her topic sentence with a series of facts. For example, below is the topic sentence of paragraph 4。2. 若不是心寬似海，哪有人生風平浪靜。你必須努力，當有一天驀然回首時，你的回憶里才會多一些色彩斑斕，少一些蒼白無力。既糾結了自己，又打擾了別人。 the reality is that alcohol can prevent success (34). 2. Another part of the myth is that alcohol makes one sexually attractive。 answer b is too broad。 see paragraph 23.Structure and Technique, 585 1. In paragraphs 1 and 2, Gregory mentions several steps he took to impress Helene Tucker. What were they? Why does he include them in his essay?Answer:In order to impress Helene, Gregory brushed his hair, got a handkerchief, washed his socks and shirt every night, shoveled the snow off her walk, tried to make friends with her mother and aunts, and left money on her stoop. He describes those steps in detail because, besides demonstrating his devotion to Helene, they give a clear picture of Gregory’s poverty.2. A metaphor is a suggested parison. What metaphor does Gregory use in paragraph 5, and what is its purpose? What metaphor does he use in the second sentence of paragraph 7, and what does it mean?Answer:In paragraph 5, Gregory uses the metaphor that he was pregnant to suggest the effects of poverty on him—it gave him strange tastes, which pregnant people get. It also filled him (as pregnancy fills someone), but with negative things: poverty, dirt, “smells that made people turn away,” and so on.In the second sentence of paragraph 7, Gregory uses the metaphor of a flying eagle to represent the movement of money. (A picture of an eagle is engraved on one side of a quarter).3. In narrating the incidents in the classroom and in the restaurant, Gregory chooses to provide actual dialogue rather than merely to tell what happened. Why?Answer:By using the exact words spoken by Helene, the teacher, and himself, Gregory gives a very clear picture of what happened by allowing the reader to “experience” it, rather than simply hear a general summary. The dialogue between Helene and the teacher shows Helene as an ideal little student who received approval from the teacher. The dialogue between Gregory and the teacher, however, clearly demonstrates Gregory’s eagerness to impress Helene and his unsuccessful, embarrassing attempt to gain the teacher’s approval. If Gregory had merely described what had happened, we would have a much less vivid impression of the characters involved.4. At the end of the essay, Gregory shifts his focus from the classroom to the scene involving the wino at the restaurant. What is the connection between this closing scene and the rest of the essay?Answer:In the body of the essay, Gregory is narrating a time that he was shamed publicly and no one came to his defense. In the closing scene, Gregory realizes that he has done the same thing—that he, too, has witnessed a person being shamed without assisting him. He feels a new kind of “shame,” that of having failed to help another man in need.Critical Reading and Discussion,5861. When Gregory writes, “I never learned hate at home, or shame. I had to go to school for that” (paragraph 1), he is using irony—an inconsistency between what is expected and what actually occurs. What does he mean by these two statements? What is the effect of his irony?Answer:Gregory means that although his home life was one of poverty and want, his home was not a place of inhumane values, such as hatred and shame. But at school, which on its surface was a more positive place, he was made to feel hatred and shame. The ironic statement intrigues the reader and makes him or her want to know more about what Gregory means.2. What are Gregory’s feelings about his teacher? What were your feelings about her as you read this essay? What could the teacher have done or said that wouldnot have made Gregory feel ashamed?Answer:Gregory seems sad and resentful that the teacher did not understand why he misbehaved in class and that she assumed he was stupid and a troublemaker. But he also wanted her approval badly, as seen by the Community Chest incident and the fact that he got a “big thrill” out of being chosen to clean the blackboard. Students’ suggestions about the teacher will vary. One possibility: She could have merely thanked Gregory in class and then spoken to him privately later if she doubted that he could contribute to Community Chest.3. Gregory shows how a childhood incident taught him shame. What other important lessons does Gregory learn in this essay? Explain.Answer:From paragraph 3, in which Gregory talks about his acplishments later in life, we can conclude that he learned he could boost his selfesteem through his own efforts. Paragraph 5 shows that from his own experiences, he learned that children who are hungry and poor may feel invisib