【正文】
cision to determine the smallest thread of the ball screw allow bottom diamete 16 The preliminary to determine the accuracy class of the ball screw nut 17 Determine the specification model of the ball screw nut 18 The vertical feed system design and calculation 19 Dall screws for bearing capacity check 19 The ball screw nut critical pression load calibration 19 The critical speed of the ball screw nut checksum 20 Dall screw pair rated life Check 21 Calculate the mechanical transmission system of stiffness 22 Calculate the mechanical transmission system of stiffness 22 Calculate the stiffness of the ball screw nut supporting bearing 23 Calculate the contact stiffness of the ball and the raceway 24 Calculate the feed drive system integrated tension and pression stiffness 25 Calculate the torsional stiffness of the ball screw nut 25Chapter 4 drive motor selection and calculation 27 The calculation of muted to the motor shaft load moment of inertia 27 A single rotary part of the moment of inertia calculation 27 The moment of inertia of moving parts, converted to motor shaft 27 Increase the total load on the motor rotation inertia calculation 28 Calculate the load torque converted to motor shaft 28 Converted to a motor shaft of the cutting load torque calculation 28 Converted motor shaft friction load torque calculation 29 Generated by the ball screw preload and calculation of load torque converted to motor shaft 29 Converted to motor shaft load moment of calculation 30 Calculation of converted to electric on the shaft of the accelerating torque 30 Select the model of the drive motor 31 Select the model of the drive motor 31 Determine the maximum static torque 32 Checking the inertia match 32Chapter 5 Mechanical system dynamic analysis 34 Calculation of the lowest natural frequency of the screw Longitudinal vibration system 34 Calculation of the lowest natural frequency of torsional vibration system 34 Calculate the mechanical transmission of the reverse dead zone 35 The mechanical transmission system by the integrated pressive and tensile stiffness changes caused by positioning error 35 The calculation of ball screw error to reverse the deformation 36 The calculation of the amount of deformation of the Torque caused by the ball screw pair 36Conclusion 37Thanks 38References 3940 / 48第1章 緒論 選題的意義我國(guó)近幾年數(shù)控機(jī)床雖然發(fā)展較快,但與國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平還存在一定的差距,主要表現(xiàn)在:可靠性差,外觀質(zhì)量差,產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期長(zhǎng),應(yīng)變能力差[1]。 第三代數(shù)控:從1965年開始采用小、中規(guī)模集成電路的NC系統(tǒng)。隨著電子技術(shù)和控制技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,當(dāng)今的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能已經(jīng)非常強(qiáng)大,與此同時(shí)加工技術(shù)以及一些其他相關(guān)技術(shù)的發(fā)展對(duì)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步提出了新的要求。 總體方案的擬定本篇設(shè)計(jì)研究的對(duì)象為CM6132車床,適用于車削精密零件,并可加工公制、英制、模數(shù)和徑節(jié)螺紋。為滿足盡可能減少改動(dòng)量的要求,采用步進(jìn)電機(jī)經(jīng)接口箱驅(qū)動(dòng)絲杠,帶動(dòng)刀具縱向和橫向移動(dòng),用滾珠絲杠螺母機(jī)構(gòu)代替普通的滑動(dòng)絲杠螺母機(jī)構(gòu),具有摩擦力小,運(yùn)動(dòng)靈敏,無爬行現(xiàn)象的特點(diǎn),也可以進(jìn)行預(yù)緊,以實(shí)現(xiàn)無間隙傳動(dòng),以使傳動(dòng)剛度好,反向時(shí)無空程死區(qū)[13]。當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)與滾珠絲杠之間傳遞的扭矩較大時(shí),由于伺服電動(dòng)機(jī)優(yōu)越的力矩特性,可以采用電動(dòng)機(jī)與滾珠絲杠直接連接的方法,這不僅可以簡(jiǎn)化結(jié)構(gòu)、減少噪音,而且對(duì)減少傳動(dòng)鏈的間隙、提高傳動(dòng)剛度也有打的好處。這樣依靠彈性鋼片組對(duì)角聯(lián)接(即撓性)傳遞扭矩,且與電機(jī)軸和絲杠都無鍵聯(lián)接,便是撓性聯(lián)軸節(jié)的工作原理。在此轉(zhuǎn)速下,主軸具有最大扭矩和功率,有文獻(xiàn)[19,219]可知刀具的切削速度為===取機(jī)床的機(jī)械效率= ,由文獻(xiàn)[2,1013]可知,主切削力=103 =103= 計(jì)算各切削分力走刀方向的切削分力Fx和垂直走刀方向的切削分力。取進(jìn)步電動(dòng)機(jī)的步距角 =176。對(duì)于不同的支承方式,其計(jì)算方式不同,本次設(shè)計(jì)方案采用一端固定、一端游動(dòng)支承方式的滾珠絲杠安裝1. 一端固定,一端自由或游動(dòng)時(shí),有=mm (311)式中 ——彈性模量(MPa),一般滾珠絲杠取=105 MPa;——估算的滾珠絲杠螺母副允許的最大軸向變形量();——導(dǎo)軌的靜摩擦力(N),=;——滾珠絲杠螺母至絲杠固定端支承的最大距離(mm),=行程+安全行程+余程+螺母長(zhǎng)度+支承長(zhǎng)度≈(~)行程+(25~30)。因此,只要此時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)速不超過臨界轉(zhuǎn)速就可以了。m/rad (324)式中 ——扭轉(zhuǎn)作用點(diǎn)之間的距離(cm),對(duì)數(shù)控機(jī)床使用的滾珠絲杠螺母副來說,是指從絲杠端部裝聯(lián)軸器處到滾珠絲杠螺母的中心之間的距離,對(duì)此該絲杠螺母中心位于距離絲杠端部裝聯(lián)軸器處的追遠(yuǎn)位置;——剪切模量(MPa),一般滾珠絲杠取=104(MPa); ——滾珠絲杠的底徑(mm)。cm2 加在電動(dòng)機(jī)上總的負(fù)載轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量的計(jì)算=== kgm 折算到電動(dòng)機(jī)軸上的負(fù)載力矩的計(jì)算1. 空載時(shí)(快進(jìn)力矩),有= N根據(jù)以上計(jì)算結(jié)果和參考文獻(xiàn)[21109]國(guó)產(chǎn)BF系列反應(yīng)式步進(jìn)電機(jī)技術(shù)參數(shù)表,初選130BF001型反應(yīng)式步進(jìn)電機(jī),其轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量= kgm;轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量, kgm,可以在規(guī)定的時(shí)間里正常啟動(dòng),故滿足要求。已知進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的綜合拉壓剛度的最小值=130106 N/m,導(dǎo)軌的靜摩擦力=520N,由式(51)得====103 mm=8故滿足要求。mm,由設(shè)計(jì)圖得扭矩作用點(diǎn)之間的距離=387mm,絲杠底徑= mm,則由式(52)得=== 176。進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)采用滾珠絲杠副,降低了摩擦和提高了加工精度。雖然這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)做的也不太好,但是在設(shè)計(jì)過程中所學(xué)到的東西是這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的最大收獲和財(cái)富,使我終身受益。致 謝我要感謝我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)唐慶菊老師對(duì)我的悉心教導(dǎo),在這幾個(gè)月的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中,唐老師給了我很大的支持和幫助,她定期檢查我的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)度并給我補(bǔ)習(xí)有關(guān)車床的知識(shí),每當(dāng)我遇到不懂的問題就去問她,她很細(xì)心很熱情的給我解答,可以說,沒有唐老師的幫助我是無法完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的。因此對(duì)低成本普通車床數(shù)控化改造是一項(xiàng)適合我國(guó)實(shí)際情況的先進(jìn)技術(shù),也是一項(xiàng)提升我國(guó)機(jī)床數(shù)控化率的有效途徑。);——各坐標(biāo)軸的負(fù)載力矩(Nm2已知滾珠絲杠的扭轉(zhuǎn)剛度== Nm取和中較大者為所需的步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的最大靜轉(zhuǎn)矩,即=cm= Nm 計(jì)算折算到電動(dòng)就軸上的