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初中英語語法大全-文庫吧在線文庫

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【正文】 leaf leaves,half——halves,knife—knives,thief——thieves(res讀音為[vz] ?。ㄗ⒁猓簉oof的復(fù)數(shù)為roofs;a meter, two meters注意這些詞是可數(shù)名詞,且單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同,所以可以寫為:This is a fish.These are fish.另外,fish作為魚肉講時是不可數(shù)的。c. the United States,the United Nations9另外還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思,如:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚   另外,①當(dāng)一個名詞作定語說明另一個名詞時,這個名詞一般用單數(shù)。應(yīng)特別記medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood. ?。?)表不定數(shù)量時,一般用much,(a)little,a lot of/lots of,some,any等詞修飾。容器表示a cup of tea  eg:北京的街道today39?!  痮ffice,students’rooms  ③兩個或兩個以上名詞并列,表示共同所有,只需在最后一個名詞后加’s.   and Mike’s room湯姆和邁克的房間(表示湯姆和邁克共有一間房) ?、軆蓚€或兩個以上名詞并列,表示分別所有,需在幾個名詞后都加’s.’s and Jenny’s bikes瑪麗和詹妮的自行車(表示瑪麗和詹妮各自的自行車)注意在某些句子里,名詞所有格修飾的詞,往往可以省略。B. a chicken選擇C和D的同學(xué)要注意weather是名詞,B. is studyingD. studying答案: A. (選擇B的同學(xué)要注意,不定冠詞有a[+]和an[+Q]兩種形式,a用于輔音(不是輔音字母)開頭的詞前。eg. I met an old man On my way home. ③用在序數(shù)詞前,相當(dāng)于another.eg. There’s a third boy near the shop.④表示“每—(個)”,相當(dāng)于every.eg. They have music lessons twice a week.必背!give a lesson have a rest教(一堂)課 eg, a bike, an egg②當(dāng)名詞被such, what, many修飾時,不定冠詞放在這些詞之后。Please open the window.(4)用在形容最高級和部分比較級前,及形容詞only, very, same等前面:eg Monday is the second day of a week.Where do you live? I live on the second floor.  黑海(12)用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前面。 聯(lián)合國(13)含有定冠詞the的詞組。eg. Which man is Mr Green?Each student has a beautiful picture.(4)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或物時不用冠詞。We39。 冠詞是中考必考的語法知識之一,也是中考考查的主要對象。 table.A. /,the D./,a C. one better you39。7The Greens ______ upstairs.A.h雖然是輔音字母,但發(fā)/eitF/的音,是元音音素開頭的,故其前用an。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化,見下表::He is my 。 他是個學(xué)生。You don39。 這是我父親。s hers.(=her bike)這是誰的自行車?是她的。That watch of hers is beautiful.她的表很漂亮。這是我的洋娃娃,那是瑪麗的。但是this,these不可代替。常見的不定代詞有all,both,each,every,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,one,ones,either,neither,other,another,no,none以及含有some,any,no等的合成代詞(如:anybody,something,no one)。Do you have a car?Yes,I have one.你有一輛小汽車嗎?是的,我有一輛。比較it和one的比較it用來指特定的東西(the+名詞);而one則用于替代不特定的東西(a,an+名詞)You have a pen,can I use it(=the pen)?你有一支鋼筆,我可以用它(這支鋼筆)嗎?(特指)Do you have a pen?Yes,I have one(=a pen).你有鋼筆嗎?是的,我有一支。t any money.(=I have no money.)Do you have any?我一分錢都沒有了,你有(錢嗎)?注意not…any =no…any在否定句、問句中不須譯出來。(3) 在疑問句中,一般不用some,只有當(dāng)問句表示一種邀請或請求,或期待一個肯定的回答時才能用some。There must be some reason for what he39。法 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. Mary doesn39。s books. (作定語)VII常見不定代詞的一般用法:分類NeitherAnther1 all,both的用法(1)all代表或修飾兩個以上的人或物,或不可數(shù)的東西。注意它們的區(qū)別:比較They were all waiting outside the gate.他們(三個以上)都在大門外等著。在句中只能作定語,也就是說它后面必須跟著名詞。The students have two pens each.(作同位語)每個學(xué)生有兩支鋼筆。both:指兩者都,肯定。Many(of)the students have sports.(作主語)許多學(xué)生參加體育鍛煉。例如:I hate people who talk much but do little.X it的用法小結(jié)1指代上文提到的名詞23→twentythree,34→thirtyfour,45→forty—five,56→fiftysix,67→sixtyseven,78→seventyeight,89→eightynine,91→ninetyone(3)101—999先說“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);586→five hundred and eightysix,803→eight hundred and three(4)l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個“,”,第一個“,”“,”前為million,第三個“,”前為billion(美式)或thousand ,million(英式),然后一節(jié)一節(jié)地表示。 倒讀法(分鐘+to/past+鐘點) 4:45 fifteen to five/a quarter to five 讀作:(zero)point one five seven II 序數(shù)詞(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th →fourth,thirteen→thirteenth(2)不規(guī)則變化one→first, two→second, three→third, five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve——twelfth(3)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),變y為ie再加th twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth(4)從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語。 at present目前at nine(o’clock)在九點鐘We usually have lunch at noon(at twelve).我們通常中午吃午飯(十二點吃午飯)。 next Sunday下周日every Monday(week, spring…)每周一(每星期,每個春季……)in the week在這周(3) by,until(till)1)by:在……前(時間);截至(到)……注意:由until(till)形成的句子,句中的動詞如果是點動詞,則必須用否定句。(wait是延續(xù)動詞,用肯定式)注意until和till可以通用。He has lived here for 20 years.他在這兒已經(jīng)住了二十年了。The meeting will be held at 。in an hour 一小時之后in a week or so 一個多星期之后He will be back in five 。III 表示場所、方向的介詞:at,in,on,under,by,near,between.:into,out of,along,across,through.(1 )at,in1) at:在某地點(表示比較狹窄的場所)at school 上學(xué)within 3 hours(一直到現(xiàn)在)The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.(since作連詞)這個醫(yī)生自當(dāng)醫(yī)生以來已經(jīng)拯救了許多人的生命。而during后決不能跟表數(shù)字的名詞。 for twenty weeks 二十周during the lesson 上課期間t begin to watch TV until(till) nine o39。He will call me before he leaves here.(before作連詞)他離開這兒之前,他將給我打電話。(3)in:用于表示周、月、季節(jié)、年,泛指的上午、下午、晚上。c. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分數(shù))+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級+ than…The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%。1st 2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd(4)表示年、月、日時,年用基數(shù)詞,日用序數(shù)詞。 如:4:30 four thirty 4:45 four fortyfive hundreds of(數(shù)百,成百上千的),thousands of(數(shù)干,成千上萬的),millions of(數(shù)百萬)two thousand (兩千)Thousands and thousands of people have visited the 。They found it hard to learn English well.We really think it crazy that some people swim in rivers in winter.Her illness made it a problem to have sports.5強調(diào)句中It is….that/whoVIII疑問代詞疑問代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which等。注意:標題上三詞作定語時的比較,both后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。注意every在句中只能作定語,而它的合成詞只能作主語、賓語和表語,而不能作定語,也就是說every后面必須跟名詞,而它的合成詞后面絕不可能跟名詞。 every two weeks每兩周every other day(week,line)每隔一天(每隔一周,每隔一行)every other ten days每隔十天Every student is here.=All the students are here.所有的學(xué)生們都出席了。There are many trees on each side(不能用every side)of the street.大街的兩側(cè)有許多大樹。放在一般動詞(實義動詞)之前。All每(一個)相互代詞可在句中作賓語,定語。 I39。clock. I haven39。(我不會認識你們)I don39。t know anything about it .(I know nothing about it .)關(guān)于這件事,我什么都不知道。 我有一些科技書。I have an old bike,but he has a new one.我有輛舊自行車,他有輛新的。one(主語)should not praise oneself(賓語).一個人不應(yīng)炫耀自己。s why he didn39。(3)作賓語You like this but I like that.你喜歡這個,而我喜歡那個。this(復(fù)數(shù)形式是these),是指在時間上或空間上離說話人較近的人或物。s clean their room first and ours(=our room)later.咱們先打掃他們的房間,然后再打掃我們的。
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