【正文】 oundation for its forces based load in building area of effect part, called forcehearing layer?；A(chǔ)下面承受建筑物全部荷載的土體或巖體稱為地基。地基不屬于建筑的組成部分，但它對保證建筑物的堅(jiān)固耐久具有非常重要的作用。 in the following section, called subsoil under lie layer. Foundation and foundation is a building construction of the first part, also can saying is the most important part, and often most prone to problems in the construction of place, if not very good solve these problems, then later work will not be able to smoothly. This article will mainly aimed at the foundation and foundation of the type, scope of foundation, mon problems, causes and solutions, some mon foundation construction problems needing attention in the aspects of simple analysis. Hope that in the construction can avoid similar issues to ensure construction work can normal, to ensure the project can be done smoothly. Keywords: foundation and foundation, mon problem analysis, foundation construction method, etc 目錄 1 引言 ................................................................................................7 2 地基種類及處理方法 ......................................................................8 天然地基 ............................................................................................................. 8 人工地基 ............................................................................................................. 8 人工地基的概念 ........................................................................................... 8 人工地基處理方法 ....................................................................................... 8 密實(shí)法 ......................................................................................................... 8 換土法 ......................................................................................................... 9 加固法 ......................................................................................................... 9 建筑地基的處理 ........................................................................................... 9 地基的改善措施 ......................................................................................... 10 改善剪切特性 ............................................................................................. 10 改善壓縮特性 ............................................................................................. 10 改善透水特性 ............................................................................................. 10 改善動力特性 ............................................................................................. 10 ...................................................................... 10 3 基礎(chǔ)的概念及分類 ........................................................................11 基礎(chǔ)的概念 ....................................................................................................... 11 基礎(chǔ)的分類 ....................................................................................................... 11 淺基礎(chǔ)類型 ................................................................................................. 11 剛性基礎(chǔ) .....................................................................................................11 擴(kuò)展基礎(chǔ) .....................................................................................................11 單獨(dú)基礎(chǔ) .................................................................................................... 12 條形基礎(chǔ) .................................................................................................... 12 筏板基礎(chǔ)和箱形基礎(chǔ) .................................................................................. 12 深基礎(chǔ) ......................................................................................................... 12 4 基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范 ........................................................................... 13 5 常見地基與基礎(chǔ)工程 ................................................................... 14 常見的地基與基礎(chǔ)工程事故 ........................................................................... 14 地基失穩(wěn)造成工程事故 ............................................................................. 14 地基變形造成工程事故 ...........