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l infection in areas scratched raw may occur. 2. vaginitis and rarely salpingitis in young girls. 陰道炎 輸卵管炎 3. cause mental anguish Pathogenesis of Enterobius vermicularis Pathogenesis of hookworm 1. Local dermatitis (ground itch) 鉤蚴性皮炎 (pneumonialike) symptoms (symptoms are not as severe as Ascaris migration) 3. Anemia a. The worm sucks blood and the wound oozes blood A. duodenale takes ml/day。 buccal capsule flat and ovalshape ovalshape two pairs one pair cutting plates Copulatory bursa round oblate spicule two, separated two, fused at their ends N. americanus Difference between and N. americanus Morphology- larva of hookworms rhabditiform Larva 桿狀蚴 filariform larva : infective stage Eggs are unembryonated when passed in the feces. Embryonation occurs in the soil. Unembryonated egg in feces broadly oval yellowish to brown in color Thick shell ovum protein coat fertilized Morphology- Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides unfertilized and fertilized egg Decorticated egg (lost outer albuminous coating) Embryonated egg in soil Morphology- Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides Morphology- Eggs of Trichuris trichiura size: 5054 181。 ( 2) injury to ans or tissues by migration of larvae in the body 2) Adults: (1) injury to intestinal mucosa caused by the parasites living in gastro intestinal system (2) injury to lymphatic system, muscles or nervous system caused by the parasites living in tissues What about Egg? INTESTINAL HELMINTHS Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) 似蚓蛔線蟲 Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) 毛首鞭形線蟲 Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) 蠕形住腸線蟲 Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (hookworms) 鉤蟲 2022年第二次寄調(diào) Ascaris lumbricoides (ascarids) Adults live in intestine of human, cause Ascariasis (蛔蟲病 ); Human is the only definitive host of t