【正文】 nd Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句：由并列連詞（ and, but, or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。 . Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有 but, still, however, yet, while, when等。如： and, but, or, while，以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。而 it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞 that。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation 二．賓語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (及物動(dòng)詞 ) 或介詞之后。例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. 7. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移：主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。如： What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 由連接詞 and或 both … and 連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如： None of us has (have) been to America. 在定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞 that, who, which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。 表示 ―時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值 ‖等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù) 若英語(yǔ)是書(shū)名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用 表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ) ―one and a half‖后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式 算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。 連接副詞： when, where, why, how。 . Who will go is not important. 用 it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放在句末。但下面情況不能互換。 . It depends on whether we have enough time. They don’ t know whether to go there. Please e to see me if you have time. （五）同位語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語(yǔ)，一般位于該名詞（如： news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 沒(méi)有什么能阻止他不干那件事。 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。 . The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很流利。 who + 其它部分？ 在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)也如此， that, who不可省略；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 二、 It 的用法 （一）作人稱代詞 it代替前面（或后面）的單數(shù)名詞或分句等所表示的事物。 ―It is (was) + 所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分 + （三）作強(qiáng)調(diào)詞，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu) that (who) + 其它成分。省略可分以下幾種情況： （一）簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略 省略主語(yǔ)：祈使句中主語(yǔ)通常省略。 . My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school. 13 （三）主從復(fù)合句中的省略 主句中有一些成分被省略。 . Are you going there? I’ d like to (go there). He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). No, but I want to be. Well, he ought to have. him? 注意：如果該賓語(yǔ)是 be動(dòng)詞或完成時(shí)態(tài)，則須在 to之后加上 be或 have。通常引導(dǎo)詞 it 與它所代替的句子成分中間要夾有某些詞。 No. It is Xiao Zhang’ s. Mine is the one on the desk. it 與 that 的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但 that 指同一類，并非同一個(gè)。 （三）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào) It is/ was … that … 結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，用助動(dòng)詞 do/ does或 . Do sit down. 務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。 . The sick man whom she is looking after is her father. 6. 介詞在關(guān)系代詞前，只能用 which和 whom，且不能省略；介詞在句尾，關(guān)系代詞可有 which, that, whom, 口語(yǔ)中也可用 who，且可省略。 正如我所預(yù)料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。 2）用 which 而不用 that 的情況： ① 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句； ② 代表整個(gè)主句的意思； ③ 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。 （去掉定語(yǔ)從句，意思就不完整） 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：從句對(duì)先行詞關(guān)系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。 . I don’ t know whether or not the report is true. I don’ t know whether/ if the report is true or not. ④ 介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用 whether引導(dǎo)。 . My idea is (that) we can get more rades to help in the work. （四）賓語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)。 注意：連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問(wèn)句，因而從句中謂語(yǔ)不用疑問(wèn)式。 語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)三：名詞性從句 名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。如： One and a half apples is (are) left on the table. plus eight is twenty. / Fiftysix divided by eight is seven. 等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如： The police are looking for the lost 由 ―a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞 ‖構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由 ―分 child. 數(shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) +名詞 ‖構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如： Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it. 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的 that常可省略。、 4. it 可以作為形式賓語(yǔ) it 不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)而真正的賓語(yǔ) that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。例如： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （ 3） It happens/occurs?結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。它的功能相當(dāng)于名詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞歸納起來(lái)可分為以下三類 連接詞 that:不做成分 ,無(wú)意思 ,不可 省 (賓語(yǔ)從句除外 ) Whether:不做成分 ,具備意思 ,不可省 What/how等特殊疑問(wèn)詞 :做成分 ,具備意思 ,不可省 that he will e is certain. 3 truth is that I have never been there pretended (that) they were reading in the room. fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us. His teacher said (that) the book was very interesting and that it was worth reading Whether she is ing or not doesn’ t matter too much. first question is whether you like music. wonder whether it is true