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s of a gymnasium and outlined 13 rules based on five principles to his students at the International Training School of the Young Men39。 and Japan in 1900. From 1891 through 1893, a soccer ball was used to play basketball. The first basketball was manufactured in 1894. It was 32 in (81 cm) in circumference, or about 4 in (10 cm) larger than a soccer ball. The dedicated basketball was made of laced leather and weighed less than 20 oz (567 g). The first molded ball that eliminated the need for laces was introduced in 1948。 smaller gyms used five players on a side, and the larger gyms allowed seven to nine. The team size became generally established as five in 1895, and, in 1897, this was made formal in the rules. The YMCA lost interest in supporting the game because 1020 basketball players monopolized a gymnasium previously used by many more in a variety of activities. YMCA membership dropped, and basketball enthusiasts played in local halls. This led to the building of basketball gymnasiums at schools and colleges and also to the formation of professional leagues. Although basketball was born in the United States, five of Naismith39。s disorder (a related condition in which the baby develops in an apparently normal manner through age five months, and then begins to lose municative and social interaction skills). There is also evidence of a higher proportion of perinatal plications (plications arising around the time of giving birth) among children with autistic symptoms. These plications include maternal bleeding after the first trimester and meconium in the amniotic fluid. (Meconium is a substance that accumulates in the bowel of the developing fetus and is discharged shortly after birth.) Some evidence suggests that the use of medications during pregnancy may be related to the development of autistic symptoms. As newborns, children with autistic behaviors show a higher rate of respiratory illness and anemia than healthy children. ALLERGIES, INFECTIONS, AND IMMUNIZATIONS. Some professionals believe that autistic disorders may be caused by allergies to particular fungi, viral infections, and various foods. No controlled studies have supported these beliefs, but some parents and professionals report improvement when allergens and/or certain foods are eliminated from the diet. Viral infections of the mother, such as rubella, or of the young child, such as encephalitis, mumps, and measles, occasionally appear to cause autistic disorders. The mon childhood immunization series known as MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) has recently e under scrutiny as a possible cause of some autistic can make a true claim to being the only major sport that is an American invention. From high school to the professional level, basketball attracts a large following for live games as well as television coverage of events like the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) annual tournament and the National Basketball Association (NBA) and Women39。 本論文是在導(dǎo)師陳子琦的悉心指導(dǎo)之下完成的。可以說電子商務(wù)使得企業(yè)經(jīng)營系統(tǒng)都將發(fā)生變化。企業(yè)在這種背景下需要學(xué)會(huì)通過和供應(yīng)鏈相關(guān)企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟的方式,專注于本企業(yè)擅長的業(yè)務(wù),提高本企業(yè)的核心競爭力,避免被淘汰。各種計(jì)算機(jī)軟件不僅大大提高了相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)的處理效率,更加節(jié)約了企業(yè)的物力,人力和財(cái)力 的投資。電子商務(wù)的最大貢獻(xiàn)莫過于推動(dòng)了電子營銷在當(dāng)今社會(huì)的發(fā)展。可通過建立若干針對性的知識性數(shù)據(jù)庫,加快企業(yè)共享和交流知識的速度,并持續(xù)推進(jìn)知識創(chuàng)新。第三,電子商務(wù)使得信息已光速進(jìn)行傳遞。 在拿“信息技術(shù)”說話的未來時(shí)代,企業(yè)現(xiàn)在需要做的說的就是增強(qiáng)企業(yè)搜集和處理信息的能力,加大在信息技術(shù)方面的投資,為未來的信息戰(zhàn)做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。 一、 電子商務(wù)對企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略層方面的影響 (1) 企業(yè)走向虛擬化,戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟化 電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展,淡化了當(dāng)今企業(yè)的綜合功能,隨著電子商務(wù)的不斷發(fā)展,企業(yè)越來越趨向于虛擬化組織形式?,F(xiàn)在,我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)激烈競爭的時(shí)代,“信息化”、“網(wǎng)絡(luò)化”、“虛擬化”、“全球化”的運(yùn)營模式,對企業(yè)的生存構(gòu)成了巨大的沖擊。同時(shí),企業(yè) 內(nèi)部員工可以直接通過內(nèi)部網(wǎng)進(jìn)行交流和溝通,比過去更加方便。低庫存生產(chǎn)主要因?yàn)槔秒娮由虅?wù)可以實(shí)現(xiàn) 快速地了解市場需求,對市場的反饋結(jié)果作出最快反應(yīng),同時(shí)利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)使企業(yè)迅速了解其競爭企業(yè)的最新動(dòng)態(tài),從而對企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)做出改良。企業(yè)中的管理人員可以獲得更多信息,加強(qiáng)他們在企業(yè)決策中的作用,從而提高整個(gè)企業(yè)的決策水平。 四、 電子商務(wù)對企業(yè)管理各方面的影響 知識是決定企業(yè)競爭力的關(guān)鍵要素,它也是企業(yè)的無形資源與財(cái)產(chǎn)。無論從國際發(fā)展趨勢,還是從我國現(xiàn)實(shí)需要出發(fā),發(fā)展我國電子商務(wù)都要以推進(jìn) BtoB 即企業(yè)對企業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)為重點(diǎn)。 傳統(tǒng)營銷是從企業(yè)角度出發(fā),通過廣告和人員推銷向顧客施加影響,使其對產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)發(fā)生興趣,因此是一種強(qiáng)勢營銷。隨著電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展,顧客的行為、偏好也有新的變化。企業(yè)通過對顧客的需求和歸納,能夠及時(shí)把握市場脈搏,實(shí)現(xiàn)準(zhǔn)確的市場定位。通過企業(yè)內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)能及時(shí)了解本企業(yè)的庫存動(dòng)態(tài)信息,進(jìn)行適時(shí)采購,避免因傳統(tǒng)原材料短缺信息獲取時(shí)間延遲而影響企業(yè)的正常生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營。s backlog of stock merchandise, improves the efficiency of the transaction. Moreover, the form of emerce is the future economic development trends, with the goal of work transactions and electronic. Conduct emerce, on business operations presented new challenges, affecting the business activities of modern enterprises. Keywords emerce, transaction costs, the cost of management, electronic, works 目錄 引言 .........................................................................................7 一、電子商務(wù)在企業(yè)管理中的作用 ...................................... 8 1. 降低企業(yè)成本 ................................................................. 8 2. 提高工作效率 ................................................................. 8 3. 有利于產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)和創(chuàng)新 ............................................. 9 4. 提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量,提升顧客滿意度 ................................. 9 二、電子商務(wù)在傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)管理中的作用 ................................9 .......................................................................9 2. 改變企業(yè)競爭形態(tài) ............................................................10 3. 改變?nèi)藗儌鹘y(tǒng)的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣 .................................................10 4. 改變市場營銷環(huán)境 ............................................................11 ............................................................11 三、電子商務(wù)在企業(yè)管理中的應(yīng)用 ...................................... 12 ............................................................. 12 2. 電子商務(wù)在企業(yè) 物流中的應(yīng)用 ................................... 12 3. 電子商務(wù)在企業(yè)營銷中的應(yīng)用 ................................... 12 四、電子商務(wù)對企業(yè)管理各方面的影響 .............................. 13 1. 電子商務(wù)在企業(yè)采購管理方面的影響 ..................