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ted more than 16,000 fans. He demonstrated the appeal of major college ball and made New York its center. In December 1936, Hank Luisetti of Stanford revealed the virtues of the onehanded shot to an amazed Garden audience and became the first major collegiate star. Soon thereafter, Luisetti scored an incredible fifty points against Duquesne, thus ending the East39。s World Basketball Association, before the WNBA debuted in 1997 with the support of the NBA. James Naismith, originally from Almonte, Ontario, invented basketball at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891. The game was first played with peach baskets (hence the name) and a soccer ball and was intended to provide indoor exercise for football players. As a result, it was originally a rough sport. Although ten of Naismith39。s basketball. Until World War II, basketball became increasingly popular in the United States especially at the high school and college levels. After World War II, its popularity grew around the world. In the 1980s, interest in the game truly exploded because of television exposure. Broadcast of the NCAA Championship Games began in 1963, and, by the 1980s, cable television was carrying regular season college games and even high school championships in some states. Players like Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and Lew Alcindor (Kareem AbdulJabbar) became nationally famous at the college level and carried their fans along in their professional basketball careers. The women39。s five basic principles center on the ball, which was described as large, light, and handled with the hands. Players could not move the ball by running alone, and none of the players was restricted against handling the ball. The playing area was also open to all players, but there was to be no physical contact between players。目標(biāo)行業(yè)越近似本業(yè),離支點(diǎn)就越近,就越易于撬起;剩余資源愈大,作用力愈強(qiáng),就越易于撬起作用對(duì)象;行業(yè)吸引力愈大,杠桿愈長(zhǎng),就越易于撬起目標(biāo)對(duì)象;如果核心能力不強(qiáng),就 支撐不起杠桿,就可能壓碎支點(diǎn),即壓垮企業(yè)。 降低成本要將注 意力集中于傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值鏈下的主要成本項(xiàng)目,只有這樣才能大幅度降低成本,采取成本領(lǐng)先戰(zhàn)略。 參考答案: 該公司采用的是收縮型戰(zhàn)略。應(yīng)該尋找用戶潛在需求的可以形成差異的內(nèi)容,進(jìn)行新的產(chǎn)異化戰(zhàn)略,或者當(dāng)業(yè)務(wù)范圍界定清楚,產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)趨于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和完整后實(shí)施低成本戰(zhàn)略。企業(yè)通過收購、兼并其他行業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù),或者在其他行業(yè)進(jìn)行投資,把業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域拓展到其他行業(yè)中去,這樣的多元化叫不相關(guān)多元化,悅來從汽車零部件進(jìn)行拓展進(jìn)入新的管理咨 詢業(yè),所以為不相關(guān)多元化。 A. 同心多元化 B. 水平多元化 C. 集團(tuán)多元化 D. 一體化 80.長(zhǎng)期資金籌資方式中,籌資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最低的籌資方式是( D )。 A. 某旅游點(diǎn)發(fā)生地震 B. 旅游景點(diǎn)居民收入水平逐年提高 C. 國家允許國人出境旅游 D. 國內(nèi)居民用于旅游的消費(fèi)支出增長(zhǎng)明顯 70. 你認(rèn)為手機(jī)行業(yè)最主要的特征是( D ) A. 產(chǎn)品高度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 B. 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)不太明顯 C. 產(chǎn)品技術(shù)更新比較緩慢 D. 行業(yè)的進(jìn)入 /退出壁壘都高 71. 對(duì)于鋼鐵行業(yè)來說,最明顯的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)特征是:( B )。 A.指揮型 B.文化型 C.合作型 D.增長(zhǎng)型 5戰(zhàn)略與結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系的基本原則是( B ) A.組織戰(zhàn)略服從于組織結(jié)構(gòu) B.組織的結(jié)構(gòu)服從于組織戰(zhàn)略 C.組織戰(zhàn)略與組織結(jié)構(gòu)并列 D.產(chǎn)生共同愿景 5所謂戰(zhàn)略失效,是指企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施的結(jié) 果偏離了( A )和戰(zhàn)略管理的理想狀態(tài)。 A.個(gè)別品牌 B.家庭品牌 C.多品牌 D.品牌延伸 5某企業(yè)原來經(jīng)營(yíng)專為高檔消費(fèi)群體的 “向陽 ”牌服裝,該市場(chǎng)成功后,雙以該品牌進(jìn)入中檔消費(fèi)市場(chǎng),這一品牌策略就是( C )。 A.差異性 B.獨(dú)特性 C.使用性 D.信譽(yù)性 4所謂差異化戰(zhàn)略,是指為使企業(yè)產(chǎn)品與( B )產(chǎn)品有明顯的區(qū)別,形成與眾不同的特點(diǎn)而采取的一種戰(zhàn)略。從 “美汁 源果粒橙 ”,到 “天與地礦物質(zhì)水 ”,還有 “茶研工坊 ”等,可口可樂在中國市場(chǎng)共推出了近 20 種飲料品牌,除了傳統(tǒng)的碳酸飲料,還包含了果汁、茶飲、純水等各類非碳酸飲料,可謂 “十項(xiàng)全能 ”。 A.企業(yè)使命 B. 企業(yè)愿景 C.企業(yè)目標(biāo) D. 企業(yè)價(jià)值觀 2海爾公司的企業(yè)使命可能是( C )。 2西單商場(chǎng)的目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)定位是:大眾化的精品店。 A.某旅游點(diǎn)發(fā)生地震 B.旅游景點(diǎn)居民收入水平逐年提高 C.國家允許國人出境旅游 D.國內(nèi)居民用于旅游的消費(fèi)支出增長(zhǎng)明顯 18. 對(duì)于鋼鐵行業(yè)來說,最明顯的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)特征是:( B )。 A.規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì) B.轉(zhuǎn)換成本 C.產(chǎn)品差異 D.資本需求 8. 一般來說進(jìn)入壁壘高退出壁壘高產(chǎn)業(yè)是( A )。電大 企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略 管理復(fù)習(xí)試題資料考試小抄 一、單項(xiàng)選擇題 1. 企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略最根本的特征是( C )。 A.高利潤(rùn)高風(fēng)險(xiǎn) B.穩(wěn)定的高利潤(rùn) C.低利潤(rùn)高風(fēng)險(xiǎn) D.穩(wěn)定的低 利潤(rùn) 9. 生物制藥具有高成長(zhǎng)性行業(yè),其進(jìn)入壁壘和退出壁壘的組合是( A )。 A.價(jià)格 B.規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì) C.轉(zhuǎn)換成本 D.差異化 19. 價(jià)值鏈理論所依據(jù)的基本邏輯關(guān)系是( C ) A.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì) —經(jīng)營(yíng)資源 —價(jià)值活動(dòng) B.價(jià)值活動(dòng) —經(jīng)營(yíng)資源 —競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì) C.經(jīng)營(yíng)資源 —價(jià)值活動(dòng) —競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì) D.經(jīng)營(yíng)資源 —競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì) —價(jià)值活動(dòng) 20. 未來展望由未來( D )年的遠(yuǎn)大目標(biāo)和對(duì)目標(biāo)的生動(dòng)描述組成。有部分顧客抱怨商場(chǎng)的裝修檔次太低,商場(chǎng)里的椅子太少。 A、不斷創(chuàng)新 B、占據(jù)全球家電 30%的份額 C、創(chuàng)中國的世界名牌 D、真誠到永遠(yuǎn) 2 “東方不亮西方亮 ”是用來比喻( C )。以上資料說明可口可樂公司采用了( B )。 A.原產(chǎn)品 B.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手產(chǎn)品 C.本企業(yè)產(chǎn)品 D.同行業(yè)產(chǎn)品 4百事可樂把自己的目標(biāo)顧客定位在年輕人,并通過低價(jià),從而把可口可樂的市場(chǎng)份額硬生生地?fù)寠Z了一部分過來。 A.家庭品牌 B.個(gè)別品牌 C.品牌 延伸 D.多品牌 5長(zhǎng)期資金籌資方式中,籌資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最低的籌資方式是( D )。 A.戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo) B.戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn) C.戰(zhàn)略控制范圍 D.企業(yè)使命 5戰(zhàn)略控制的目的主要是控制( B ) A.戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施 B.戰(zhàn)略失效 C.戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo) D.戰(zhàn)略方案 60、面對(duì)國家住房產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的調(diào)整,一些企業(yè)迅速從高檔豪華房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目開發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)向經(jīng)濟(jì)適用型住房的開發(fā),這屬于:( A ) A.提前性變革 B.反應(yīng)性變革 C.危機(jī)性變革 D.隨機(jī)應(yīng)變式的變革 6你認(rèn)為手機(jī)行業(yè)最主要的特征是?( D) A、產(chǎn)品高度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 B、規(guī)模經(jīng)經(jīng)不太明顯 C、產(chǎn)品技術(shù)更新比較緩慢 D、行業(yè)的進(jìn)入 /退出壁壘都高 6迪斯尼公司在美國本土、日本和英國所開的迪斯尼樂園都比較成功,賺取了大量的利潤(rùn)。 A. 價(jià)格 C. 轉(zhuǎn)換成本 D. 庫存成本 72. 迪斯尼公司在美國本土、日本和英國所開的迪 斯尼樂園都比較成功,賺取了大量的利潤(rùn)。 A.債券 B.優(yōu)先股 C.銀行借款 D.普通股 81. “把雞蛋放在一只籃子里的做法 ”是什么戰(zhàn)略的形象表述( A )。 ( 2)這有兩方面的原因:第一,是管理難度加大了,悅來一再強(qiáng)調(diào)企劃公司要開展咨詢業(yè)務(wù),但企劃公司一直在做的是廣告業(yè)務(wù),管理難度、貫徹執(zhí)行力度一直困擾著悅來。 宜家出走馬甸變臉 問題: ( 1)根據(jù)宜家在選址上的兩個(gè)條件,談?wù)勀銓?duì)企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略的認(rèn)識(shí)。采用用收縮型戰(zhàn)略的公司一般有三種情形:一是外部環(huán)境發(fā)生變化,業(yè)務(wù)量大幅減少;二是產(chǎn)品處于衰退期;三是公司內(nèi)部調(diào)整主動(dòng)放棄一些業(yè)務(wù)。 威爾奇的戰(zhàn)略經(jīng)營(yíng)方式。 因此,威爾奇在進(jìn)入通用后采取系列的剝離和重組產(chǎn)業(yè),對(duì)那些不能獲得技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)并將之轉(zhuǎn)化為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)行剝離,砍掉了這些企業(yè)利益的 “蛀蟲 ”,而重購了一些能夠帶來新的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)和有利于企業(yè)的利益的產(chǎn)業(yè),這些整合后,我們看到企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率得到提高,市場(chǎng)價(jià)值得以提升。 the ball was the objective. To score, the ball had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goal. The team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. Early in the history of basketball, the local YMCAs provided the gymnasiums, and membership in the anization grew rapidly. The size of the local gym dictated the number of players。s game changed radically in 1971 when separate rules for women were modified to more closely resemble the men39。s original thirteen rules remain, the game soon changed considerably, and the founder had little to do with its evolution. The first intercollegiate game was played in Minnesota in 1895, with nine players to a side and a final score of nine to three. A year later, the first fiveman teams played at the University of Chicago. Baskets were now constructed of twine s but it was not until 1906 that the bottom of the s were open. In 1897, the dribble was first used, field goals became two points, foul shots one point, and the first professional game was played. A year later, t