【正文】 軍爭第七 孫子曰： 凡用兵之法，將受命于君，合軍聚眾，交和而舍，莫難于軍爭。故兵以詐立，以利動，以分和為變者也。三軍可奪氣，將軍可奪心。泛地無舍，衢地合交，絕地無留，圍地則謀，死地則戰(zhàn)，途有所不由，軍有所不擊，城有所不攻，地有所不爭，君命有所不受。 行軍第九 孫子曰：凡處軍相敵，絕山依谷，視生處高，戰(zhàn)隆無登，此處山之軍也。凡地有絕澗、天井、天牢、天羅、天陷、天隙，必亟去之，勿近也。卒已親附而罰不行，則不可用。我可以往，彼可以來，曰通。險形者，我先居之，必居高陽以待敵；若敵先居之，引而去之，勿從也。料敵制勝，計險隘遠 近，上將之道也。故曰：知彼知己，勝乃不殆；知天知地，勝乃可全。由不虞之道，攻其所不戒也。吾士無余財，非惡貨也；無余命，非惡壽也。故善用兵者，攜手若使一人，不得已也。是故散地吾將一其志，輕地吾將使之屬，爭地吾將趨其后，交地吾將謹其守，交地吾將固其結(jié)，衢地吾將謹其恃，重地吾將繼其食，泛地吾將進其途，圍地吾將塞其闕，死地吾將示之以不活。犯之以事，勿告以言；犯之以害，勿告以利。行火必有因，因必素具。故以火佐攻者明，以水佐攻者強。此安國全軍之道也。故三軍之事，莫親于間，賞莫厚于間，事莫密于間，非圣賢不能用間，非仁義不能使間，非微妙不能得間之實。此兵之要，三軍之所恃而動也。 open ground and narrow passes。 and high prices cause the people39。s fate, the man on whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril. III. ATTACK BY STRATAGEM 1. Sun Tzu said: In the practical art of war, the best thing of all is to take the enemy39。 the next in order is to attack the enemy39。 if five to one, to attack him。 ability to defeat the enemy means taking the offensive. 6. Standing on the defensive indicates insufficient strength。 thirdly, Calculation。s attack and remain unshaken this is effected by maneuvers direct and indirect. 4. That the impact of your army may be like a grindstone dashed against an eggthis is effected by the science of weak points and strong. 5. In all fighting, the direct method may be used for joining battle, but indirect methods will be needed in order to secure victory. 6. Indirect tactics, efficiently applied, are inexhaustible as Heaven and Earth, unending as the flow of rivers and streams。 masking strength with weakness is to be effected by tactical dispositions. 19. Thus one who is skillful at keeping the enemy on the move maintains deceitful appearances, according to which the enemy will act. He sacrifices something, that the enemy may snatch at it. 20. By holding out baits, he keeps him on the march。 march swiftly to places where you are not expected. 6. An army may march great distances without distress, if it marches through country where the enemy is not. 7. You can be sure of succeeding in your attacks if you only attack places which are can ensure the safety of your defense if you only hold positions that cannot be attacked. 8. Hence that general is skillful in attack whose opponent does not know what to defend。s few. 15. And if we are able thus to attack an inferior force with a superior one, our opponents will be in dire straits. 16. The spot where we intend to fight must not be made known。s weak points。s will to be imposed on him. 3. By holding out advantages to him, he can cause the enemy to approach of his own accord。 decision, to the releasing of a trigger. 16. Amid the turmoil and tumult of battle, there may be seeming disorder and yet no real disorder at all。 Calculation to Estimation of quantity。 to see the sun and moon is no sign of sharp sight。 if the bulwark is plete at all points。s troops without any fighting。s resistance without fighting. 3. Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy39。s own, and likewise a single picul of his provender is equivalent to twenty from one39。 when using our forces, we must seem inactive。 (3) Earth。敵間之來間我者，因而利之，導而舍之，故反間可得而用也；因是而知之，故鄉(xiāng)間、內(nèi)間可得而使也；因是而知之，故死間為誑事，可使告敵；因是而知之，故生間可使如期。先知者，不可取于鬼神，不可象于事，不可驗于度，必取于人，知敵之情者也。主不可以怒而興師，將不可以慍而攻戰(zhàn)。凡此四宿者，風起之日也。是故政舉之日，夷關(guān)折符，無通其使，厲于廊廟之上，以誅其事。夫霸王之兵，伐大國，則其眾不得聚；威加于敵，則其交不得合。聚三軍之眾，投之于險，此謂將軍之事也。擊其首則尾至，擊其尾則首至，擊其中則首尾俱至。投之無所往，死且不北。古 之善用兵者，能使敵人前后不相及，眾寡不相恃，貴賤不相救，上下不相收，卒離而不集，兵合而不齊。視卒如嬰兒，故可以與之赴深溪；視卒如愛子，故可與之俱死。凡此六者，非天地之災，將之過也。我出而不利，彼出而不利，曰支。 【注：】 ①：“翳”加“艸”頭。兵怒而相迎，久而不合，又不相去，必謹察之。凡此四軍之利，黃帝之所以勝四帝也。故用兵之法，無恃其不來，恃吾有以待之；無恃其不攻，恃吾有所不可攻也。以近待遠，以佚待勞，以飽待饑，此治力者也。《軍政》曰：“言不相聞，故為之金鼓；視不相見，故為之旌旗。舉軍而爭利則不及，委軍而爭利則輜重捐。夫兵形象水，水之行避高而趨下，兵之形避實而擊虛；水因地而制流，兵因敵而制勝。故知戰(zhàn)之地，知戰(zhàn)之日，則可千里而會戰(zhàn)；不知戰(zhàn)之地，不知戰(zhàn)日，則左不能救右，右不能救左，前不能救后，后不能救前，而況遠者數(shù)十里，近者數(shù)里乎！以吾度之，越人之兵雖多，亦奚益于勝哉！故曰：勝可為也。進而不可御者，沖其虛也；退而不可追者，速而不可及也。故善戰(zhàn)者，致人而不致于人。故善動敵者，形之，敵必從之；予之，敵必取之。死而更生，四時是也。兵法：一曰度，二曰量，三曰數(shù)，四曰稱，五曰勝。見勝不過眾人之所知，非善之善者也；戰(zhàn)勝而天下曰善，非善之善者也。 ②：“溫”字“氵”旁換“車”旁。輔周則國必強，輔隙則國必弱。故上兵伐謀，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。車戰(zhàn)得車十乘以上，賞其先得者而更其旌旗。故兵聞拙速，未睹巧之久也。利而誘之，亂而取之，實而備之，強而避之，怒而撓之，卑而驕之，佚而勞之，親而離之，攻其無備，出其不意。道者，令民于上同意，可與之死，可與之生，而不危也；天者，陰陽、寒暑、時制也；地者，遠近、險易、廣狹、死生也；將者，智、信、仁、勇、嚴也；法者，曲制、官道、主用也。凡此五者，將莫不聞，知之者勝，不知之者不勝。此兵家之勝，不可先傳也。夫兵久而國利者，未之有也。車雜而乘之，卒善而養(yǎng)之，是謂勝敵而益強。攻城之法，為不得已。故君之所以患于軍者三：不知軍之不可以進而謂之進，不知軍之不可以退而謂之退，是謂縻軍；不知三軍之事而同三軍之政，則軍士惑矣；不知三軍之權(quán) 而同三軍之任，則軍士疑矣。 軍形第四 孫子曰：昔之善戰(zhàn)者，先為不可勝，以待敵之可勝。故舉秋毫不為多力，見日月不為明目，聞雷霆不為聰耳。地生度，度生量，量生數(shù)，數(shù)生稱，稱生勝。聲不過五，五聲之變，不可勝聽也；色不過五，五色之變，不可勝觀也；味不過五，五味之變，不可勝嘗也；戰(zhàn)勢不過奇正，奇正之變，不可勝窮也。以利動之，以卒待之。能使敵人自至者，利之也；能使敵人不得至者，害之也。故我欲戰(zhàn)，敵雖高壘深溝，不得不與我戰(zhàn)者，攻其所必救也；我不欲戰(zhàn)，雖畫地而守之，敵不得與我戰(zhàn)者，乖其所之也。敵雖眾，可使無斗。故兵無常勢，水無常形。是故卷甲而趨，日夜不處，倍道兼行，百里而爭利，則擒三將軍，勁者先，疲者后，其法十一而至；五十里而爭利，則蹶上將軍，其法半至；三十里而爭利，則三分之二至?！狈蚪鸸撵浩煺撸砸幻裰恳?。無邀正正之旗，無擊堂堂之陳，此治變者也。故將有五危，必死可殺，必生可虜，忿速可侮，廉潔 可辱，愛民可煩。凡軍好高而惡下，貴陽而賤陰，養(yǎng)生而處實，軍無百疾，是謂必勝。兵非貴益多也，惟無武進，足以并力料敵取人而已。 ②：［垂瓦］。支形者，敵雖利我，我無出也，引而去之，令敵半出而擊之利。夫勢均，以一擊十，曰走；卒強吏弱，曰馳；吏強卒弱，曰陷；大吏怒而不服，遇敵懟而自戰(zhàn)，將不知其能，曰崩；將弱不嚴，教道不明，吏卒無常，陳兵縱橫，曰亂；將不能料敵，以少合眾，以弱擊強，兵無選鋒，曰北。厚而不能使，愛而不能令，亂而不能治，譬若驕子，不可用也。合于利而動，不合于利而止。死焉不得，士人盡力。敢問兵可使如率然乎？曰可。九地之變，屈伸之力，人情之理，不可不察也。是故不爭天下之交，不養(yǎng)天下之權(quán)，信己之私，威加于敵，則其城可拔，其國可隳。敵人開闔，必亟入之，先其所愛，微與之期，踐墨隨敵，以決戰(zhàn)事。凡火攻，必因五火之變而應之：火發(fā)于內(nèi)，則早應之于外；火發(fā)而其兵靜者，待而勿攻，極其火力，可從而從之，不可從則上。合于利而動，不合于利而上。故用間有五：有因間，有內(nèi)間，有反間，有死間，有生間。五間之事，主必知之，知之必在于反間，故反間不可不厚也。 (4) The Commander。 when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away。s own store. 16. Now in order to kill the enemy, our men must be roused to anger。s plans。 he captures their cities without laying siege to them。 the State will be strong。 to hear the noise of thunder is no sign of a quick ear. 11. What the ancients called a clever fighter is one who not only wins, but excels in winning with ease. 12. Hence his victories bring him neither reputation for wisdom nor credit for courage. 13. He wins his battles b